Ginzburg M, Gilboa I
Dept. of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Refuat Hapeh Vehashinayim (1993). 2012 Jan;29(1):28-34, 64.
There has been many technological developments in the last decade. Today's shade-matching technologies have been developed in an effort to increase the success of color matching, communication, reproduction and verification in clinical dentistry and, ultimately, to increase the efficiency of esthetic restorative work within any practice. In general, the output of the color measurements can be classified and specified in several ways. The most common systems for describing color are Munsell's System and the international Commission on Illumination (CIE) L a b color system. Albert Munsell described color as a three-dimensional phenomenon. He described the three dimensions as hue, value (brightness), and chroma (saturation). Visual colour determination by comparison of teeth and shade guides is the most frequently applied method in dentistry. Vitapan Classical (Vita Zahnfabrik, Germany) and its derivations(evidence-based Vitapan 3D-Master shade guide and Linearguide) are the most commonly used shade guides. However, several factors can influence consistency of visual colour selection and specification: individual colour matching ability may vary, the colour perception of any individual may show temporal variation, the range of shades available is inadequate and does not cover the complete colour space of natural teeth, the shade guide tabs are not systematically distributed in their colour space, and changes in lighting conditions can cause alterations in perceived colour. instruments for clinical shade-matching encompass spectrophotometers, colorimeters and digital imaging systems. It can be concluded that different devices have different accuracy and precision. Colorimeters are significantly less reliable than spectrophotometers and digital cameras. Benefits and limitations exist, and the clinician must consider how the technology relates to expectations and needs. Combination of visual colour determination (Vitapan 3D-Master shade guide and Linearguide) with digital cameras and electronic devices (spectrophotometers) increase chances for successful shade matching.
在过去十年里出现了许多技术发展。如今的比色技术是为了提高临床牙科中颜色匹配、沟通、复制和验证的成功率而开发的，最终目的是提高任何诊所内美学修复工作的效率。一般来说，颜色测量的输出可以通过几种方式进行分类和指定。描述颜色最常用的系统是孟塞尔系统和国际照明委员会（CIE）Lab*颜色系统。阿尔伯特·孟塞尔将颜色描述为一种三维现象。他将这三个维度描述为色调、明度（亮度）和彩度（饱和度）。通过比较牙齿和比色板进行视觉颜色判定是牙科中最常用的方法。维他经典（德国维他齿科公司）及其衍生产品（循证维他3D-Master比色板和线性比色板）是最常用的比色板。然而，有几个因素会影响视觉颜色选择和指定的一致性：个体的颜色匹配能力可能不同，任何人的颜色感知可能会随时间变化，可用的色阶范围不足，无法涵盖天然牙齿的完整颜色空间，比色板色片在其颜色空间中分布不系统，以及照明条件的变化会导致感知颜色的改变。临床比色仪器包括分光光度计、色度计和数字成像系统。可以得出结论，不同的设备具有不同的准确性和精密度。色度计的可靠性明显低于分光光度计和数码相机。存在优点和局限性，临床医生必须考虑该技术如何与期望和需求相关联。将视觉颜色判定（维他3D-Master比色板和线性比色板）与数码相机和电子设备（分光光度计）相结合，可增加成功比色的机会。
