AWISTA Gesellschaft für Abfallwirtschaft und Stadtreinigung, Höherweg 100, D-40233 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Waste Manag Res. 2012 Sep;30(9 Suppl):3-16. doi: 10.1177/0734242X12448521.
For waste from electric and electronic equipment, the WEEE Directive stipulates the separate collection of electric and electronic waste. As to new electric and electronic devices, the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive bans the use of certain chemicals dangerous for man and environment. From the implementation of the WEEE directive, many unsolved problems have been documented: poor collection success, emission of dangerous substances during collection and recycling, irretrievable loss of valuable metals among others. As to RoHS, data from the literature show a satisfying success. The problems identified in the process can be reduced to some basic dilemmas at the borders between waste management, product policy and chemical safety. The objectives of the WEEE Directive and the specific targets for use and recycling of appliances are not consistent. There is no focus on scarce resources. Extended producer responsibility is not sufficient to guarantee sustainable waste management. Waste management reaches its limits due to problems of implementation but also due to physical laws. A holistic approach is necessary looking at all branch points and sinks in the stream of used products and waste from electric and electronic equipment. This may be done with respect to the general rules for sustainable management of material streams covering the three dimensions of sustainable policy. The relationships between the players in the field of electric and electronic devices have to be taken into account. Most of the problems identified in the implementation process will not be solved by the current amendment of the WEEE Directive.
对于电子电气废物，WEEE 指令规定了电气和电子废物的单独收集。至于新型电气和电子设备，《限制有害物质指令》（RoHS）禁止使用对人类和环境有危险的某些化学物质。自 WEEE 指令实施以来，已经记录了许多未解决的问题：收集成功率低、收集和回收过程中排放危险物质、有价值金属等不可挽回的损失等。至于 RoHS，文献中的数据显示出令人满意的成功。在这个过程中发现的问题可以归结为废物管理、产品政策和化学安全之间边界的一些基本困境。WEEE 指令的目标和电器的使用和回收的具体目标不一致。没有关注稀缺资源。扩展生产者责任不足以保证可持续的废物管理。废物管理由于实施问题以及物理定律而达到极限。需要采取整体方法，着眼于电气和电子设备用过的产品和废物流的所有分支点和汇点。这可以在涵盖可持续政策三个维度的物质流可持续管理的一般规则的基础上进行。必须考虑到电气和电子设备领域参与者之间的关系。在实施过程中确定的大多数问题都不会通过当前对 WEEE 指令的修订得到解决。
