Zueva M V
Vestn Oftalmol. 2012 Jul-Aug;128(4):70-4.
Current conceptions of visual cortex synaptogenesis and mielination are reviewed. Human brain undergoes significant morphological and functional changes during prenatal period and the fist year of life that reflexes in height, latency and configuration of visual evoked potentials. The stages of neural modification are genetically predetermined, but it keeps developing under the influence of altered sensory experience. Period of accelerated development of nerve cells and formation of synaptic contacts is followed by global gradual elimination of exuberant neurons and their ineffective contacts, that promotes greater specificity of neuronal tissue and fine functional tuning. The importance of up-to-date functional and morphometric methods of brain maturation and plasticity research such as diffuse tractography is emphasized.
本文综述了当前关于视觉皮层突触形成和髓鞘形成的概念。人类大脑在孕期和生命的第一年经历了显著的形态和功能变化，这反映在视觉诱发电位的波幅、潜伏期和波形上。神经修饰的阶段是由基因预先决定的，但它会在改变的感觉经验的影响下持续发展。神经细胞加速发育和突触联系形成的时期之后是对过度生长的神经元及其无效联系的全面逐渐消除，这促进了神经组织的更高特异性和精细的功能调节。文中强调了诸如弥散张量成像等最新的大脑成熟和可塑性研究的功能和形态测量方法的重要性。
