Davidson D M, Smith R M, Qaqundah P Y
J Pediatr Health Care. 1990 Jan-Feb;4(1):11-7. doi: 10.1016/0891-5245(90)90034-4.
Elevated blood cholesterol levels, a major risk for coronary artery disease in adults, has been associated with atherosclerotic disease in children. More than 10% of North American children have blood cholesterol levels higher than the desirable levels for adults. Current guidelines recommend screening only in children who have a family history of hyperlipidemia or myocardial infarction at an early age; however, this method fails to identify most children with hypercholesterolemia. Office-based cholesterol screening is an effective means to identify children and family members for dietary assessment and counseling. Should these measures be insufficient to lower the child's cholesterol level, referral for pharmacologic treatment is indicated.
血液胆固醇水平升高是成年人冠状动脉疾病的主要风险因素，它与儿童动脉粥样硬化疾病有关。超过10%的北美儿童血液胆固醇水平高于成年人的理想水平。目前的指南建议仅对有高脂血症家族史或早年心肌梗死家族史的儿童进行筛查；然而，这种方法无法识别大多数高胆固醇血症儿童。基于办公室的胆固醇筛查是识别儿童及其家庭成员以进行饮食评估和咨询的有效手段。如果这些措施不足以降低儿童的胆固醇水平，则应转诊进行药物治疗。
