Walton W E, Tietze N S, Mulla M S
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside 92521.
J Med Entomol. 1990 Jan;27(1):57-67. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/27.1.57.
Colonization and succession of mosquitoes and macroinvertebrate predators were studied in 30-m2 ponds (mesocosms) during summer and fall 1987. Larval abundance of Cx. tarsalis Coquillette was lower during the hot, summer months than during the fall. In all studies, larval populations declined markedly 2-3 wk after habitat flooding. Although predator abundances differed in these studies, sometimes by an order of magnitude, the common predators colonized mesocosms in the following order: Triops, hydrophilid beetle larvae, dytiscid beetle larvae, mesoveliids, dragonfly and damselfly naiads, and notonectids. The similarity of the colonization phenologies probably resulted from the vagility of the adult insects and species-specific developmental rates. Stepwise multiple regression was used to identify factors potentially affecting larval mosquito populations. For most studies, coleopteran larvae were related inversely to per capita change in the entire larval population and the third- and fourth-instar subpopulation (i.e., large coleopteran larval populations were associated with large declines in the Cx. trasalis larval population). Maximum water temperatures and pond age (days after flooding) also were identified as significant factors affecting larval abundance and per capita change of mosquitoes. Potentially lethal water temperatures (greater than or equal to 35 degrees C) occurred during the summer; however, the declines in larval abundance of Cx. tarsalis were not restricted to (or obviously associated with) periods of high water temperature. Our results indicated that predation by coleopteran larvae and factor(s) associated with pond age, such as mosquito ovipositional preferences, significantly affected Cx. tarsalis larval populations.
1987年夏秋季节，在面积为30平方米的池塘（中型生态系统）中研究了蚊子和大型无脊椎动物捕食者的定殖和演替情况。尖音库蚊幼虫在炎热的夏季月份数量比秋季少。在所有研究中，栖息地被水淹没2 - 3周后，幼虫数量显著下降。尽管这些研究中捕食者的数量不同，有时相差一个数量级，但常见的捕食者按以下顺序定殖于中型生态系统：鲎虫、水虻幼虫、龙虱幼虫、细足蝽、蜻蜓和豆娘若虫以及仰泳蝽。定殖物候的相似性可能是由于成虫的迁移能力和物种特异性发育速率所致。采用逐步多元回归来确定可能影响幼虫蚊子种群的因素。在大多数研究中，鞘翅目幼虫与整个幼虫种群以及三龄和四龄幼虫亚种群的人均变化呈负相关（即鞘翅目幼虫数量多与尖音库蚊幼虫数量大幅下降相关）。最高水温以及池塘年龄（水淹后天数）也被确定为影响蚊子幼虫数量和人均变化的重要因素。夏季出现了可能致死的水温（大于或等于35摄氏度）；然而，尖音库蚊幼虫数量的下降并不局限于（或明显与）高温时期相关。我们的结果表明，鞘翅目幼虫的捕食以及与池塘年龄相关的因素，如蚊子的产卵偏好，对尖音库蚊幼虫种群有显著影响。
