Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Islets. 2012 Jul-Aug;4(4):253-61. doi: 10.4161/isl.21570. Epub 2012 Jul 1.
The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D), as with several other autoimmune diseases and conditions, began to notably rise in the latter half of the last century. Most cases of T1D are not solely attributable to genetics and therefore, environmental influences are proposed to account for the difference. Humans live today in general under much more hygienic conditions than their ancestors. Although human enteroviruses (HEV) have been strongly implicated as causative environmental agents of T1D, recent work has shown that the bacterial genera in the gut of diabetics compared with non-diabetics, can vary significantly. Here, we consider these data in light of our non-hygienic human past in order to discuss a possible relationship between the resident bacterial biome and acute infectious events by HEV, suggesting how this may have influenced T1D incidences in the past and the risk for developing T1D today.
1 型糖尿病（T1D）的发病率，与其他一些自身免疫性疾病和病症一样，在上个世纪后半叶开始显著上升。大多数 T1D 病例并不仅仅归因于遗传，因此，环境影响被认为是造成这种差异的原因。人类现在的生活条件通常比他们的祖先更加卫生。虽然肠道病毒（HEV）被强烈认为是 T1D 的环境致病因素，但最近的研究表明，与非糖尿病患者相比，糖尿病患者肠道中的细菌种类存在显著差异。在这里，我们根据人类过去不卫生的情况来考虑这些数据，以讨论肠道常驻细菌生物群与 HEV 引起的急性感染事件之间可能存在的关系，从而说明这在过去是如何影响 T1D 的发病率的，以及今天患 T1D 的风险。
