Avagliano Laura, Garò Chiara, Marconi Anna Maria
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, DMSD San Paolo Hospital Medical School, University of Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy.
J Pregnancy. 2012;2012:972562. doi: 10.1155/2012/972562. Epub 2012 Jul 11.
The placenta represents a key organ for fetal growth as it acts as an interface between mother and fetus, regulating the fetal-maternal exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products. During pregnancy, amino acids represent one of the major nutrients for fetal life, and both maternal and fetal concentrations are significantly different in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction when compared to uncomplicated pregnancies. The transport of amino acids across the placenta is a complex process that includes the influx of neutral, anionic, and cationic amino acids across the microvilluos plasma membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast, the passage through the cytoplasm of the trophoblasts, and the transfer outside the trophoblasts across the basal membrane into the fetal circulation. In this paper, we review the transport mechanisms of amino acids across the placenta in normal pregnancies and in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction.
胎盘是胎儿生长的关键器官，它作为母亲与胎儿之间的界面，调节着营养物质、气体和代谢产物在母胎之间的交换。在孕期，氨基酸是胎儿生命的主要营养物质之一，与无并发症的妊娠相比，宫内生长受限妊娠的母体和胎儿体内氨基酸浓度均有显著差异。氨基酸跨胎盘转运是一个复杂的过程，包括中性、阴离子和阳离子氨基酸通过合体滋养层微绒毛质膜的流入、穿过滋养层细胞质以及从滋养层外穿过基底膜进入胎儿循环。在本文中，我们综述了正常妊娠和合并宫内生长受限妊娠时氨基酸跨胎盘的转运机制。
