Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9183, USA.
J Neurosurg. 2012 Dec;117(6):1110-8. doi: 10.3171/2012.8.JNS12358. Epub 2012 Sep 21.
Helmets successfully prevent most cranial fractures and skull traumas, but traumatic brain injury (TBI) and concussions continue to occur with frightening frequency despite the widespread use of helmets on the athletic field and battlefield. Protection against such injury is needed. The object of this study was to determine if slosh mitigation reduces neural degeneration, gliosis, and neuroinflammation.
Two groups of 10 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to impact-acceleration TBI. One group of animals was fitted with a collar inducing internal jugular vein (IJV) compression prior to injury, whereas the second group received no such collar prior to injury. All rats were killed 7 days postinjury, and the brains were fixed and embedded in paraffin. Tissue sections were processed and stained for markers of neural degeneration (Fluoro-Jade B), gliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein), and neuroinflammation (ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1).
Compared with the controls, animals that had undergone IJV compression had a 48.7%-59.1% reduction in degenerative neurons, a 36.8%-45.7% decrease in reactive astrocytes, and a 44.1%-65.3% reduction in microglial activation.
The authors concluded that IJV compression, a form of slosh mitigation, markedly reduces markers of neurological injury in a common model of TBI. Based on findings in this and other studies, slosh mitigation may have potential for preventing TBI in the clinical population.
头盔可有效预防大多数颅骨折和颅骨创伤，但颅脑创伤（TBI）和脑震荡仍频繁发生，尽管运动场上和战场上已广泛使用头盔。因此需要寻求一种能预防此类损伤的方法。本研究旨在确定防晃荡是否能减少神经退行性变、神经胶质增生和神经炎症。
将两组 10 只成年雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠进行撞击加速性 TBI。一组动物在受伤前佩戴可引起颈内静脉（IJV）压迫的项圈，而另一组动物在受伤前不佩戴项圈。所有大鼠在损伤后 7 天处死，大脑固定并嵌入石蜡中。对组织切片进行处理并染色，以检测神经退行性变标志物（Fluoro-Jade B）、神经胶质增生（胶质纤维酸性蛋白）和神经炎症（离子钙结合衔接分子 1）。
与对照组相比，颈内静脉受压的动物变性神经元减少了 48.7%-59.1%，反应性星形胶质细胞减少了 36.8%-45.7%，小胶质细胞激活减少了 44.1%-65.3%。
作者得出结论，颈内静脉受压（一种防晃荡的形式）可显著减少 TBI 常见模型中神经损伤的标志物。基于本研究和其他研究的结果，防晃荡可能具有预防临床人群 TBI 的潜力。
