Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2013 Sep;7(5):750-8. doi: 10.1111/irv.12013. Epub 2012 Sep 24.
Despite the widespread availability and use of influenza vaccines, influenza still poses a considerable threat to public health. Vaccines against seasonal influenza do not offer protection against pandemic viruses, and vaccine efficacy against seasonal viruses is reduced in seasons when the vaccine composition is not a good match for the predominant circulating viruses. Vaccine efficacy is also reduced in older adults, who are one of the main target groups for vaccination. The continual threat of pandemic influenza, with the known potential for rapid spread around the world and high mortality rates, has prompted researchers to develop a number of novel approaches to providing immunity to this virus, focusing on target antigens which are highly conserved between different influenza A virus subtypes. Several of these have now been taken into clinical development, and this review discusses the progress that has been made, as well as considering the requirements for licensing these new vaccines and how they might be used in the future.
尽管流感疫苗已经广泛应用，但流感仍对公共健康构成重大威胁。季节性流感疫苗不能预防大流行病毒，当疫苗成分与主要流行病毒不匹配时，其对季节性病毒的效力会降低。疫苗效力在老年人中也会降低，老年人是疫苗接种的主要目标人群之一。大流行流感的持续威胁，以及已知的在全球迅速传播和高死亡率的潜力，促使研究人员开发了许多新方法来提供针对这种病毒的免疫，重点是针对不同流感 A 病毒亚型之间高度保守的目标抗原。其中一些已经进入临床开发阶段，本综述讨论了已经取得的进展，以及考虑到这些新疫苗的许可要求以及它们将来可能的用途。
