Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany.
Phys Rev Lett. 2012 Jun 22;108(25):250601. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.250601. Epub 2012 Jun 18.
A logarithmic oscillator (in short, log-oscillator) behaves like an ideal thermostat because of its infinite heat capacity: When it weakly couples to another system, time averages of the system observables agree with ensemble averages from a Gibbs distribution with a temperature T that is given by the strength of the logarithmic potential. The resulting equations of motion are Hamiltonian and may be implemented not only in a computer but also with real-world experiments, e.g., with cold atoms.
对数振荡器（简称对数振荡器）因其无限热容而表现得像理想恒温器：当它与另一个系统弱耦合时，系统可观测量的时间平均值与来自具有温度 T 的吉布斯分布的系综平均值一致，其中 T 由对数势的强度给出。由此产生的运动方程是哈密顿量，可以不仅在计算机中实现，而且可以在现实世界的实验中实现，例如使用冷原子。
