Vertebrate Pests Unit, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK.
Pest Manag Sci. 2012 Dec;68(12):1579-85. doi: 10.1002/ps.3352. Epub 2012 Sep 25.
The tyrosine to cysteine amino acid substitution at location 139 of the vkorc1 protein (i.e. tyrosine139cysteine or Y139C) is the most widespread anticoagulant resistance mutation in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus Berk.) in Europe. Field trials were conducted to determine the incidence of the Y139C mutation at two rat-infested farms in Westphalia, Germany, and to estimate the practical efficacy against them of applications, using a pulsed baiting treatment regime, of a proprietary bait (Klerat™) containing 0.005% brodifacoum.
DNA analysis for the Y139C mutation showed that resistant rats were prevalent at the two farms, with an incidence of 80.0 and 78.6% respectively. Applications of brodifacoum bait achieved results of 99.2 and 100.0% control at the two farms, when measured by census baiting, although the treatment was somewhat prolonged at one site, possibly owing to the abundance of attractive alternative food.
The study showed that 0.005% brodifacoum bait is fully effective against Norway rats possessing the Y139C mutation at the Münsterland focus and is likely to be so elsewhere in Europe where this mutation is found. The pulsed baiting regime reduced to relatively low levels the quantity of bait required to control these two substantial resistant Norway rat infestations. Previous studies had shown much larger quantities of bromadiolone and difenacoum baits used in largely ineffective treatments against Y139C resistant rats in the Münsterland. These results should be considered when making decisions about the use of anticoagulants against resistant Norway rats and their potential environmental impacts.
VKORC1 蛋白 139 位酪氨酸到半胱氨酸的氨基酸取代（即酪氨酸 139 到半胱氨酸或 Y139C）是欧洲挪威鼠（Rattus norvegicus Berk.）中最广泛的抗凝剂耐药突变。在德国威斯特伐利亚的两个鼠类滋生农场进行了现场试验，以确定 Y139C 突变的发生率，并评估使用含有 0.005%溴敌隆的专有诱饵（Klerat™）进行脉冲诱捕处理方案对其的实际效果。
针对 Y139C 突变的 DNA 分析表明，这两个农场的抗性鼠普遍存在，发生率分别为 80.0%和 78.6%。通过普查诱捕法测量，溴敌隆诱饵的应用在这两个农场分别实现了 99.2%和 100.0%的控制效果，尽管在一个地点的处理时间有些延长，可能是由于有大量有吸引力的替代食物。
该研究表明，0.005%溴敌隆诱饵对 Münsterland 焦点地区携带 Y139C 突变的挪威鼠完全有效，并且在欧洲其他发现这种突变的地区可能也是如此。脉冲诱捕方案将控制这两个大量抗性挪威鼠滋生所需的诱饵数量减少到相对较低的水平。以前的研究表明，在 Münsterland 对 Y139C 抗性鼠进行的大部分无效处理中，使用了大量的溴敌隆和敌鼠隆诱饵。在对抗抗性挪威鼠及其潜在环境影响的决策中，应考虑这些结果。
