nova-Institut GmbH, Chemiepark Knapsack, Hürth.
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2012 Jul;109(29-30):495-501. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2012.0495. Epub 2012 Jul 23.
Cannabis-based medications have been a topic of intense study since the endogenous cannabinoid system was discovered two decades ago. In 2011, for the first time, a cannabis extract was approved for clinical use in Germany.
Selective literature review.
Cannabis-based medications exert their effects mainly through the activation of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). More than 100 controlled clinical trials of cannabinoids or whole-plant preparations for various indications have been conducted since 1975. The findings of these trials have led to the approval of cannabis-based medicines (dronabinol, nabilone, and a cannabis extract [THC:CBD=1:1]) in several countries. In Germany, a cannabis extract was approved in 2011 for the treatment of moderate to severe refractory spasticity in multiple sclerosis. It is commonly used off label for the treatment of anorexia, nausea, and neuropathic pain. Patients can also apply for government permission to buy medicinal cannabis flowers for self-treatment under medical supervision. The most common side effects of cannabinoids are tiredness and dizziness (in more than 10% of patients), psychological effects, and dry mouth. Tolerance to these side effects nearly always develops within a short time. Withdrawal symptoms are hardly ever a problem in the therapeutic setting.
There is now clear evidence that cannabinoids are useful for the treatment of various medical conditions.
自二十年前内源性大麻素系统被发现以来，基于大麻的药物一直是研究的热点。2011 年，德国首次批准了一种大麻提取物用于临床。
选择性文献回顾。
基于大麻的药物主要通过激活大麻素受体（CB1 和 CB2）发挥作用。自 1975 年以来，已经进行了超过 100 项针对各种适应症的大麻素或全植物制剂的对照临床试验。这些试验的结果导致了几种国家批准了基于大麻的药物（屈大麻酚、那比隆和大麻提取物[THC：CBD=1：1]）。在德国，一种大麻提取物于 2011 年被批准用于治疗多发性硬化症的中重度难治性痉挛。它通常被用于治疗厌食症、恶心和神经病理性疼痛。患者也可以在医疗监督下申请政府许可，购买药用大麻花进行自我治疗。大麻素最常见的副作用是疲劳和头晕（超过 10%的患者）、心理影响和口干。这些副作用的耐受性几乎总是在短时间内形成。在治疗环境中几乎从未出现过戒断症状的问题。
现在有明确的证据表明大麻素可用于治疗各种医疗状况。
