Tripathi R K, Sherertz P C, Llewellyn G C, Armstrong C W, Ramsey S L
Virginia Department of Health, Bureau of Toxic Substances, Richmond 23219.
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1990 Jan;51(1):28-31. doi: 10.1080/15298669091369286.
A study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of reducing or eliminating airborne lead concentrations at a covered, outdoor firing range by using totally copper-jacketed ammunition. Used in the study were 38-caliber-special police revolvers, and firings were conducted with 38-caliber, totally copper-jacketed bullets. The mean lead levels in general area air samples and personal breathing zone samples were 9.53 micrograms/m3 and 5.88 micrograms/m3, respectively, calculated as an 8-hr, time-weighted average (TWA). The mean copper levels in general area samples and personal breathing zone samples were 0.8 micrograms/m3 and 1.43 micrograms/m3, respectively. These concentrations in general area air samples and personal breathing zone samples were well below the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) permissible exposure limit (PEL) for occupational exposure to inorganic lead (50 micrograms/m3) and for copper (100 micrograms/m3). No significant difference was found between blood lead levels before and after firing totally copper-jacketed bullets. Based on comparison with results from a comparable study using nonjacketed lead ammunition, it was concluded that the use of totally copper-jacketed bullets significantly reduced airborne lead levels by a factor of 21 in the personal breathing zone samples and by a factor of 7.5 in the general area air samples.
开展了一项研究，以评估通过使用全铜包覆弹药来降低或消除有顶篷的室外射击场空气中铅浓度的可行性。该研究使用了.38口径的特种警用左轮手枪，并使用.38口径的全铜包覆子弹进行射击。一般区域空气样本和个人呼吸区域样本中的铅平均水平，按8小时时间加权平均值（TWA）计算，分别为9.53微克/立方米和5.88微克/立方米。一般区域样本和个人呼吸区域样本中的铜平均水平分别为0.8微克/立方米和1.43微克/立方米。一般区域空气样本和个人呼吸区域样本中的这些浓度远低于美国职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）目前规定的职业接触无机铅（50微克/立方米）和铜（100微克/立方米）的允许接触限值。发射全铜包覆子弹前后的血铅水平未发现显著差异。基于与一项使用无包覆铅弹药的可比研究结果的比较，得出结论：使用全铜包覆子弹可使个人呼吸区域样本中的空气中铅水平显著降低21倍，使一般区域空气样本中的铅水平降低7.5倍。
