Department of Internal and Public Medicine, E. C. Vigliani Occupational Health Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Med Lav. 2010 Jan-Feb;101(1):30-7.
Several studies evaluated exposure to lead in relatively small groups of firearms instructors and shooters, mainly operating at indoor ranges.
To assess the levels of lead exposure in a large sample of firearms instructors of the Italian State Police (SP) operating at either indoor or outdoor ranges.
A crosssectional study was conducted in firearms instructors working in indoor (No. 188) and outdoor (No. 188) ranges compared with 170 foodplant workers. The personal and work characteristics and current blood lead (Pb-B) levels were evaluated The concentrations of environmental lead (Pb-E) were measured using personal samplers in 6 indoor and 6 outdoor firing ranges.
The Pb-B levels in the two groups of firearms instructors were well below the ACGIH BEI, but significantly higher than in food plant workers. In the entire study sample the Pb-B level was seen to be influenced by age and job group. An excess risk of having Pb-B >100 microg/l was found in indoor range instructors and in those with greater job seniority. Pb-E <25 pg/m3 was measured in all the firing ranges examined.
The low Pb-B and Pb-E levels assessed are the result of primary and secondary prevention interventions carried out over the years by the Italian State Police. The current Pb-B levels also seemed to be poorly influenced by higher past environmental and/or occupational lead exposure. In fact a certain number of firearms instructors, mainly operating at indoor ranges and with greater job seniority, had Pb-B levels consistent with occupational exposure to lead. Environmental and biological monitoring of lead exposure and specific health surveillance are therefore still necessary in this job group topreventpossible adverse health effects of lead even at low doses.
有几项研究评估了相对少量的枪支教练和射手，主要是在室内靶场，接触铅的情况。
评估在意大利国家警察（SP）的大量枪支教练中，接触铅的水平，他们在室内或室外靶场工作。
对在室内（188 号）和室外（188 号）靶场工作的枪支教练进行横断面研究，并与 170 名食品厂工人进行比较。评估个人和工作特征以及当前血铅（Pb-B）水平。在 6 个室内和 6 个室外射击场使用个人采样器测量环境铅（Pb-E）的浓度。
两组枪支教练的 Pb-B 水平远低于 ACGIH BEI，但明显高于食品厂工人。在整个研究样本中，Pb-B 水平受年龄和工作组别影响。室内靶场教练和工作资历较高的人，Pb-B >100 μg/l 的风险增加。在所有检查的射击场中，均测量到 Pb-E <25 pg/m3。
评估的低 Pb-B 和 Pb-E 水平是意大利国家警察多年来进行的一级和二级预防干预的结果。目前的 Pb-B 水平似乎也受到过去更高的环境和/或职业铅暴露的影响较小。事实上，相当数量的枪支教练，主要在室内靶场工作，工作资历较高，其 Pb-B 水平与职业性铅接触一致。因此，在这个工作群体中，仍然需要进行铅暴露的环境和生物监测以及特定的健康监测，以防止即使在低剂量下铅的潜在不良健康影响。
