Panebianco V, Sciarra A, Marcantonio A, Forte V, Biondi T, Laghi A, Catalano C
Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012 Aug;56(4):331-42.
The evaluation and management of prostate cancer (PCa) are based mainly on parameters such as the serum prostate-specific antigen level, clinical stage, and pathologic findings at biopsy or after surgery. The aim of this paper was to review the current roles of conventional imaging and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) techniques in the diagnosis of PCa. A non systematic literature search using the Medline and Cochrane Library databases was performed up to January 2012. Bibliographies of retrieved articles and review articles were also examined. Only those articles reporting complete data with clinical relevance for the present review (i.e., diagnosis, staging) were selected. The advent of a high performance (1.5T) and higher fields strength (3T), and thus, higher spatial resolution, increased the potentiality and the diffusion of MR examinations. Intense research has focused on the use of complementary techniques to improve the detection, characterization, and staging of PCa by MRI. This review article is divided into two major parts: the first one considers the technical aspects of mpMRI; the second part is intended to provide the impact of this technique on patients with PCa. Published data indicate an emerging role for MRI (particularly mpMRI combining T2 weighted imaging, diffusion weighted imaging, contrast enhanced MR, and spectroscopy) as the most sensitive and specific tool available for imaging PCa. MpMRI can provide metabolic information, characterize tissue and tumor vascularity, as well as tissue cellularity and correlate with tumor aggressiveness.
前列腺癌（PCa）的评估与管理主要基于血清前列腺特异性抗原水平、临床分期以及活检或手术后的病理结果等参数。本文旨在综述传统影像学和多参数磁共振成像（mpMRI）技术在PCa诊断中的当前作用。截至2012年1月，使用Medline和Cochrane图书馆数据库进行了非系统性文献检索。还查阅了检索到的文章和综述文章的参考文献。仅选择那些报告了与本综述具有临床相关性的完整数据（即诊断、分期）的文章。高性能（1.5T）和更高场强（3T）的出现，从而带来了更高的空间分辨率，增加了磁共振检查的潜力和普及程度。大量研究聚焦于使用辅助技术来通过磁共振成像改善PCa的检测、特征描述和分期。这篇综述文章分为两个主要部分：第一部分考虑mpMRI的技术方面；第二部分旨在阐述该技术对PCa患者的影响。已发表的数据表明，磁共振成像（尤其是结合了T2加权成像、扩散加权成像、对比增强磁共振成像和波谱分析的mpMRI）作为可用于PCa成像的最敏感和特异的工具，正发挥着越来越重要的作用。MpMRI能够提供代谢信息，描述组织和肿瘤血管情况，以及组织细胞情况，并与肿瘤侵袭性相关联。
