Chassanidis C G, Malizos K N, Varitimidis S, Samara S, Koromila T, Kollia P, Dailiana Z
University of Thessalia, Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Cytogenetics, Faculty of Medicine, Biopolis 41110, Larissa, Greece.
J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012 Oct;94(10):1427-32. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.94B10.28405.
Periosteum is important for bone homoeostasis through the release of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their effect on osteoprogenitor cells. Smoking has an adverse effect on fracture healing and bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on the expression of the BMPs of human periosteum. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for BMP-2,-4,-6,-7 gene expression in periosteal samples obtained from 45 fractured bones (19 smokers, 26 non-smokers) and 60 non-fractured bones (21 smokers, 39 non-smokers). A hierarchical model of BMP gene expression (BMP-2 > BMP-6 > BMP-4 > BMP-7) was demonstrated in all samples. When smokers and non-smokers were compared, a remarkable reduction in the gene expression of BMP-2, -4 and -6 was noticed in smokers. The comparison of fracture and non-fracture groups demonstrated a higher gene expression of BMP-2, -4 and -7 in the non-fracture samples. Within the subgroups (fracture and non-fracture), BMP gene expression in smokers was either lower but without statistical significance in the majority of BMPs, or similar to that in non-smokers with regard to BMP-4 in fracture and BMP-7 in non-fracture samples. In smokers, BMP gene expression of human periosteum was reduced, demonstrating the effect of smoking at the molecular level by reduction of mRNA transcription of periosteal BMPs. Among the BMPs studied, BMP-2 gene expression was significantly higher, highlighting its role in bone homoeostasis.
骨膜通过释放骨形态发生蛋白（BMPs）及其对骨祖细胞的作用，对骨稳态至关重要。吸烟对骨折愈合和骨再生有不良影响。本研究的目的是评估吸烟对人骨膜中BMPs表达的影响。对从45块骨折骨（19名吸烟者，26名非吸烟者）和60块非骨折骨（21名吸烟者，39名非吸烟者）获取的骨膜样本进行实时聚合酶链反应，检测BMP-2、-4、-6、-7基因的表达。在所有样本中均证实了BMP基因表达的层次模型（BMP-2 > BMP-6 > BMP-4 > BMP-7）。比较吸烟者和非吸烟者时，发现吸烟者中BMP-2、-4和-6的基因表达显著降低。骨折组和非骨折组的比较显示，非骨折样本中BMP-2、-4和-7的基因表达更高。在亚组（骨折组和非骨折组）中，吸烟者的BMP基因表达在大多数BMP中要么较低但无统计学意义，要么在骨折样本中的BMP-4和非骨折样本中的BMP-7方面与非吸烟者相似。在吸烟者中，人骨膜的BMP基因表达降低，表明吸烟通过减少骨膜BMP的mRNA转录在分子水平上产生影响。在所研究的BMP中，BMP-2基因表达显著更高，突出了其在骨稳态中的作用。
