Solanki R K, Swami M K, Singh P, Gupta S
Department of Psychiatry, Sawai ManSingh Medical College, Jaipur, India.
East Asian Arch Psychiatry. 2012 Sep;22(3):118-25.
To evaluate the status of schizotypy, neurological soft signs, and cognitive functions as vulnerability markers for schizophrenia and to investigate the potential value of their combination for early identification of people at high risk for schizophrenia.
A cross-sectional study was conducted. Subjects were drawn from first-degree relatives of inpatients and outpatients with schizophrenia (n = 50). Controls (n = 30) were recruited by word-of-mouth from hospital staff and attendants of hospitalised patients. Subjects who met inclusion criteria on screening were subjected to selected measures for assessment, including Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief Version, the Cambridge Neurological Inventory, digit span test, paired associate learning test, and visuospatial working memory matrix. Statistical analysis was completed using the independent t test and significance (p value), as well as calculation of effect size (Cohen's d). Discriminant function analysis was used to determine the effect of combining assessment measures.
First-degree relatives showed higher schizotypy scores (Cohen's d = 0.88) and neurological soft signs (Cohen's d = 1.55). They scored significantly worse on all neurocognitive measures (Cohen's d = -1.27). Discriminant function analysis showed that Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief Version, neurological soft signs, and total cognitive index (the sum of weighted scores on individual cognitive scales) in combination better discriminated between the first-degree relative and control groups (Wilks' λ = 0.54).
Use of multiple vulnerability markers could enhance the specificity of measures used to determine risk for schizophrenia.
评估精神分裂症样人格特质、神经系统软体征和认知功能作为精神分裂症易感性标志物的状况，并研究将它们联合起来用于早期识别精神分裂症高危人群的潜在价值。
进行了一项横断面研究。研究对象来自精神分裂症住院患者和门诊患者的一级亲属（n = 50）。对照组（n = 30）通过口碑从医院工作人员和住院患者的陪护人员中招募。筛选出符合纳入标准的研究对象接受选定的评估测量，包括精神分裂症型人格问卷简版、剑桥神经学量表、数字广度测试、配对联想学习测试和视觉空间工作记忆矩阵。使用独立t检验和显著性（p值）以及效应量计算（科恩d值）完成统计分析。使用判别函数分析来确定联合评估测量的效果。
一级亲属的精神分裂症样人格特质得分更高（科恩d值 = 0.88），神经系统软体征得分也更高（科恩d值 = 1.55）。他们在所有神经认知测量中的得分显著更低（科恩d值 = -1.27）。判别函数分析表明，精神分裂症型人格问卷简版、神经系统软体征和总认知指数（各个认知量表加权得分之和）联合起来能更好地区分一级亲属组和对照组（威尔克斯λ = 0.54）。
使用多种易感性标志物可以提高用于确定精神分裂症风险的测量方法的特异性。
