Biomedical Sciences Department, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK.
Hum Exp Toxicol. 2013 Jun;32(6):606-19. doi: 10.1177/0960327112458941.
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is of concern to military and civilian populations as a bioterrorism threat agent. It is a highly potent toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus and is stable in storage and under aerosolisation; it is able to produce prolonged highly incapacitating illness at very low-inhaled doses and death at elevated doses. Concerns regarding SEB are compounded by the lack of effective medical countermeasures for mass treatment of affected populations. This article considers the mechanism of action of SEB, the availability of appropriate experimental models for evaluating the efficacy of candidate medical countermeasures with particular reference to the need to realistically model SEB responses in man and the availability of candidate countermeasures (with an emphasis on commercial off-the-shelf options). The proposed in vitro approaches would be in keeping with Dstl’s commitment to reduction, refinement and replacement of animal models in biomedical research, particularly in relation to identifying valid alternatives to the use of nonhuman primates in experimental studies.
金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素 B（SEB）是一种生物恐怖威胁剂，引起了军事和民用人群的关注。它是一种由金黄色葡萄球菌产生的高效毒素，在储存和气溶胶化过程中稳定；它能够以非常低的吸入剂量产生长期高度致残的疾病，并在高剂量下导致死亡。由于缺乏针对受影响人群的大规模治疗的有效医疗对策，对 SEB 的担忧更加复杂。本文考虑了 SEB 的作用机制，以及评估候选医疗对策疗效的适当实验模型的可用性，特别提到需要在人体中真实地模拟 SEB 反应以及候选对策的可用性（重点是现成的商业选择）。拟议的体外方法将符合Dstl 在生物医学研究中减少、改进和替代动物模型的承诺，特别是在确定替代非人类灵长类动物在实验研究中的使用的有效替代方案方面。
