Fenske Richard A, Farahat Fayssal M, Galvin Kit, Fenske Ellis K, Olson James R
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Int J Occup Environ Health. 2012 Jul-Sep;18(3):198-209. doi: 10.1179/1077352512Z.00000000030.
Chlorpyrifos exposures were assessed in 12 Egyptian cotton field workers.
3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) was measured in 24-hour urine samples to estimate absorbed dose. Workshift air samples were used to calculate chlorpyrifos inhalation dose.
Patches on legs had the highest chlorpyrifos loading rates among body regions sampled. Geometric mean chlorpyrifos air concentrations were 5·1, 8·2, and 45·0 μg/m(3) for engineers, technicians, and applicators, respectively; peak TCPy urinary concentrations were 75-129, 78-261, and 487-1659 μg/l, respectively; geometric mean doses were 5·2-5·4, 8·6-9·7, and 50-57 μg/kg, respectively, considering TCPy excretion half-life values of 27 and 41 hours. All worker doses exceeded the acceptable operator exposure level of 1·5 μg/kg/day. An estimated 94-96% of the dose was attributed to dermal exposure, calculated as the difference between total dose and inhalation dose.
Interventions to reduce dermal exposure are warranted in this population, particularly for the hands, feet, and legs.
对12名埃及棉田工人的毒死蜱暴露情况进行评估。
检测24小时尿液样本中的3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇（TCPy）以估算吸收剂量。利用轮班期间的空气样本计算毒死蜱吸入剂量。
在所采集的身体部位中，腿部的毒死蜱附着率最高。工程师、技术员和施药员工作场所空气中毒死蜱的几何平均浓度分别为5.1、8.2和45.0μg/m³；TCPy尿中峰值浓度分别为75 - 129、78 - 261和487 - 1659μg/l；考虑到TCPy排泄半衰期值分别为27小时和41小时，几何平均剂量分别为5.2 - 5.4、8.6 - 9.7和50 - 57μg/kg。所有工人的剂量均超过了1.5μg/kg/天的可接受操作人员暴露水平。经计算，估计94% - 96%的剂量归因于皮肤暴露，即总剂量与吸入剂量之差。
有必要对该人群采取干预措施以减少皮肤暴露，尤其是手部、足部和腿部。
