Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013 Mar;45(3):405-10. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318274fdf3.
Physical activity during growth is associated with high peak bone mass and may, as a result, prevent osteoporosis later in life. It is therefore possible that athletic activity during youth could lower the risk of fragility fractures in old age. Although this is currently unclear and based on evaluations of surrogate skeletal end point variables in former athletes, we hypothesized that this is not the case.
In a retrospective matched controlled cohort study design, we calculated the lifetime incidence of fractures from the results of a mailed questionnaire sent to 709 former male elite athletes with a mean age of 69 yr (range = 50-93 yr) who had given up regular sports activity a mean of 34 yr (range = 1-63 yr) earlier, and to 1368 matched controls. Estimates of time to first fracture were analysed using Poisson regression, and for analyses of covariance, Cox Regression was used. Data are presented as rate ratios (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).
After retirement from sports, the former athletes had an RR of 0.70 (0.52-0.93) for any fracture, an RR of 0.50 (0.27-0.89) for any fragility fracture, and an RR of 0.29 (0.09-0.74) for distal radius fractures. When adjusting for occupation, smoking, alcohol, disease, and medication the hazard ratio (HR) of any fracture after an active career was 0.73 (95% CI = 0.54-0.99) and the hazard ratio of any fragility fracture after age 50 yr was 0.63 (95% CI = 0.35-1.16).
In men, elite sports during adolescence are associated with a lower fracture risk after career end. The former athletes were overall healthier, which may have influenced the results.
生长过程中的身体活动与高峰骨量高有关，因此可能会预防以后生活中的骨质疏松症。因此，青年时期的体育活动可能会降低老年时脆性骨折的风险。尽管目前尚不清楚，并且基于对前运动员替代骨骼终点变量的评估，但我们假设情况并非如此。
在回顾性匹配对照队列研究设计中，我们根据向 709 名平均年龄为 69 岁（范围为 50-93 岁）的前男性精英运动员发送的邮寄问卷的结果计算了骨折的终生发生率，这些运动员在平均 34 年前（范围为 1-63 年）就停止了常规运动，同时还计算了 1368 名匹配对照者的骨折发生率。使用泊松回归分析估计首次骨折的时间，并用协方差分析（Cox 回归）进行分析。数据以率比（RR）和 95%置信区间（CI）表示。
从运动中退休后，前运动员发生任何骨折的 RR 为 0.70（0.52-0.93），任何脆性骨折的 RR 为 0.50（0.27-0.89），远端桡骨骨折的 RR 为 0.29（0.09-0.74）。当调整职业、吸烟、饮酒、疾病和药物时，活跃职业生涯后的任何骨折的风险比（HR）为 0.73（95%CI=0.54-0.99），50 岁后任何脆性骨折的 HR 为 0.63（95%CI=0.35-1.16）。
在男性中，青春期的精英运动与职业生涯结束后骨折风险降低有关。前运动员总体上更健康，这可能影响了结果。
