Ravi Suvi, Kujala Urho M, Tammelin Tuija H, Hirvensalo Mirja, Kovanen Vuokko, Valtonen Maarit, Waller Benjamin, Aukee Pauliina, Sipilä Sarianna, Laakkonen Eija K
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland.
J Clin Med. 2020 Nov 24;9(12):3797. doi: 10.3390/jcm9123797.
This study aimed to investigate the associations of competitive sport participation in adolescence and age at menarche (AAM) with body composition, femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD), physical performance, and physical activity (PA) in middle-aged women. 1098 women aged 47-55 years formed the sample of this retrospective study. Participants self-reported their PA level at age 13-16 years and AAM. The protocol also included dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, physical performance tests, and accelerometer-measured PA. Participants were divided into three groups according to their PA level at the age of 13-16 (no exercise, regular PA, and competitive sport) and according to their AAM (≤12, 13, and ≥14 years). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, participation in competitive sport at age 13-16 was associated with higher midlife lean mass and BMD, and better physical performance compared to groups with no exercise or regular PA. Individuals with AAM ≥ 14 years had lower midlife BMI and fat mass than participants in the other AAM groups and pre- and perimenopausal women with AAM ≥ 14 years had lower BMD than those with AAM ≤ 12. The findings indicate that participation in competitive sport in adolescence is associated with healthier body composition, higher BMD, and better physical performance in midlife, but BMD might be impaired if menarche occurs late.
本研究旨在调查青春期参与竞技运动及初潮年龄与中年女性身体成分、股骨颈骨密度、身体机能及身体活动之间的关联。1098名年龄在47至55岁之间的女性构成了这项回顾性研究的样本。参与者自行报告其13至16岁时的身体活动水平及初潮年龄。该方案还包括双能X线吸收法、身体机能测试以及通过加速度计测量身体活动。参与者根据其13至16岁时的身体活动水平（无运动、规律身体活动和竞技运动）以及初潮年龄（≤12岁、13岁和≥14岁）分为三组。在对潜在混杂因素进行调整后，与无运动或规律身体活动组相比，13至16岁参与竞技运动与更高的中年瘦体重和骨密度以及更好的身体机能相关。初潮年龄≥14岁的个体中年时的体重指数和脂肪量低于其他初潮年龄组的参与者，且初潮年龄≥14岁的绝经前和围绝经期女性的骨密度低于初潮年龄≤12岁的女性。研究结果表明，青春期参与竞技运动与中年时更健康的身体成分、更高的骨密度和更好的身体机能相关，但初潮发生较晚可能会损害骨密度。
