Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012 Oct;60(10):1831-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04168.x. Epub 2012 Oct 4.
To examine the cognitively protective effect of leisure and physical activities while accounting for prior cognitive ability, a rarely considered confounder of the previously reported associations between activity and cognitive aging.
Longitudinal cohort study.
Glostrup, Denmark.
Community-dwelling sample of adults recruited into the Glostrup 1914 Cohort (baseline N = 802). All were born in 1914 and were assessed at ages 50, 60, 70, and 80. New participants were recruited during the study to counter attrition.
On each occasion, cognitive ability was assessed using four tests, which defined a general cognitive ability score. Self-reported participation in leisure and physical activities was also collected. In general, physical activity was summarized on a 3- or 4-point scale, and leisure activity as none versus some (ages 50 and 60) or according to participation in a list of common activities (age 70). The effect of activity-leisure and physical-on the level of cognitive ability and cognitive change over time from age 60 to 80 was examined in growth curve models.
Greater activity (leisure or physical) was consistently associated with a higher level of cognitive ability. Adjusting for baseline cognitive ability (age 50) attenuated these associations, suggesting that associations between activity and cognition reported in old age are largely a consequence of preserved differentiation. A small but significant association remained between greater physical activity at age 60 or 70 and less cognitive decline.
The association between more-frequent leisure activity and less cognitive decline mainly reflects the positive cross-sectional association between activity and cognition, although the link that remains between greater physical activity and a more-successful cognitive aging trajectory is of particular relevance to those who are developing interventions.
在考虑先前认知能力这一很少被考虑的混杂因素的情况下，研究休闲和体育活动对认知的保护作用，先前的报告表明活动与认知衰老之间存在关联。
纵向队列研究。
丹麦哥本哈根的格洛斯楚普。
格洛斯楚普 1914 队列的社区居住成年人样本（基线 N=802）。所有人都出生于 1914 年，分别在 50 岁、60 岁、70 岁和 80 岁时接受评估。研究过程中招募了新的参与者以应对人员流失。
在每个时间点，使用四项测试评估认知能力，这些测试定义了一个总的认知能力得分。还收集了自我报告的休闲和体育活动参与情况。一般来说，身体活动按 3 分或 4 分制进行总结，休闲活动则分为无活动和有活动（50 岁和 60 岁）或根据参与常见活动的清单进行分类（70 岁）。在增长曲线模型中，研究了活动-休闲和身体活动对认知能力水平和从 60 岁到 80 岁的认知变化的影响。
更多的活动（休闲或体育）与更高的认知能力水平相关。调整基线认知能力（50 岁）后，这些关联减弱，表明老年时报告的活动与认知之间的关联在很大程度上是由于保留的分化所致。60 岁或 70 岁时更多的体育活动与认知衰退较少之间存在较小但显著的关联。
更频繁的休闲活动与认知衰退减少之间的关联主要反映了活动与认知之间的正向横断面关联，尽管与更大的体育活动之间仍然存在的关联与更成功的认知衰老轨迹有关，这对那些正在制定干预措施的人尤为重要。
