Lee Teresa, Lipnicki Darren M, Crawford John D, Henry Julie D, Trollor Julian N, Ames David, Wright Margaret J, Sachdev Perminder S
Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, Australia. Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Sydney, Australia.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2014 Jul;69(4):514-22. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbt031. Epub 2013 May 13.
We aimed to examine associations between each of three leisure activities (Cognitive, Physical, and Social) and performance in selected cognitive domains (Speed, Memory, Verbal ability, and Executive functions) and global cognition. We also aimed to explore associations between medical and health factors and late-life cognition.
Our sample comprised 119 pairs of monozygotic twins from the Older Australian Twins Study. Their mean age was 71 years and 66% were women. We used a discordant co-twin design, with cognitive performance measures as dependent variables and leisure activities as independent variables. Multiple regression analyses were performed, adjusting for potentially relevant medical and health factors.
Discordance in Cognitive Activity and Social Activity participation was positively associated with discordance in performance on some cognitive domains. There were no associations between Physical Activity participation and cognition. Discordance in several cardiovascular, frailty, and sensory variables was associated with discordance in cognitive performance measures.
This study identified lifestyle and health-related influences on late-life cognition. Our findings not only help in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms, they also have practical implications for interventions to prevent or slow age-related cognitive decline.
我们旨在研究三种休闲活动（认知、身体和社交）中的每一种与特定认知领域（速度、记忆、语言能力和执行功能）及整体认知表现之间的关联。我们还旨在探讨医学和健康因素与晚年认知之间的关联。
我们的样本包括来自澳大利亚老年双胞胎研究的119对同卵双胞胎。他们的平均年龄为71岁，66%为女性。我们采用不一致的双胞胎设计，将认知表现测量作为因变量，休闲活动作为自变量。进行了多元回归分析，并对潜在相关的医学和健康因素进行了调整。
认知活动和社交活动参与的不一致与某些认知领域表现的不一致呈正相关。身体活动参与与认知之间没有关联。几个心血管、虚弱和感官变量的不一致与认知表现测量的不一致有关。
本研究确定了生活方式和健康相关因素对晚年认知的影响。我们的发现不仅有助于理解神经生物学机制，还对预防或减缓与年龄相关的认知衰退的干预措施具有实际意义。
