Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3280, USA.
Am J Surg. 2012 Dec;204(6):836-42. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.05.025. Epub 2012 Oct 1.
Clostridium difficile-associated infection (CDI) can have varying severity from asymptomatic carriage to fulminant colitis. Its incidence and virulence in North America are increasing. The increase in virulence is associated with emergence of the highly toxigenic North American pulsed field gel electrophoresis-1 strain. The major risk factor for CDI is exposure to antibiotics. Another major risk factor is hospitalization. The spectrum of CDI ranges from asymptomatic carriers to fulminant disease. Although asymptomatic carriers require no treatment, fulminant disease carries a substantial mortality regardless of management strategy.
艰难梭菌相关性感染（CDI）的严重程度从无症状携带到暴发性结肠炎不等。它在北美的发病率和毒力正在增加。毒力的增加与高度产毒的北美脉冲场凝胶电泳-1 株的出现有关。CDI 的主要危险因素是接触抗生素。另一个主要危险因素是住院治疗。CDI 的范围从无症状携带者到暴发性疾病。虽然无症状携带者不需要治疗，但无论管理策略如何，暴发性疾病都有很高的死亡率。
