Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland Medical Center, 650 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2012 Sep;12(3 Suppl):254-62. doi: 10.1016/S1532-3382(12)70049-0.
The recognition, diagnosis, and management of common oral conditions requires knowledge of the lesion's clinical characteristics as well as the underlying pathology of the lesion. A thorough medical history, knowledge of normal anatomy, and a complete head and neck examination are necessary for the early recognition of oral lesions. Once any oral pathology is noted, clinical characteristics of size, location, texture, color, symptoms, and duration are necessary to arrive at a working plan and eventually a definitive diagnosis. In the end, the diagnosis often requires a biopsy or culture of the lesion. The clinical and histopathologic and/or mycologic correlation renders a final diagnosis leading to therapeutic options. A thorough knowledge of common oral lesions will allow the dentist/specialist to provide proper therapy or allow for referral to an oral medicine or oral surgery specialist. This review covers common infectious, reactive/traumatic, white, red, and bone lesions, as well as the vesiculobullous/desquamative gingival conditions, with a focus on periodontology and implantology. We cover the etiology, clinical features, histopathology, and treatment of each oral pathological condition.
常见口腔状况的识别、诊断和处理需要了解病变的临床特征以及病变的潜在病理学。彻底的病史、正常解剖学知识和完整的头颈部检查对于早期识别口腔病变是必要的。一旦发现任何口腔病理学，就需要对大小、位置、质地、颜色、症状和持续时间等临床特征进行评估，以制定治疗计划并最终做出明确诊断。最终，诊断通常需要对病变进行活检或培养。临床和组织病理学和/或真菌学相关性可得出最终诊断，从而提供治疗选择。对常见口腔病变的全面了解将使牙医/专家能够提供适当的治疗，或允许转介给口腔医学或口腔外科专家。本综述涵盖了常见的感染性、反应性/创伤性、白色、红色和骨病变，以及疱状/脱屑性龈病，重点关注牙周病学和种植学。我们介绍了每种口腔病理状况的病因、临床特征、组织病理学和治疗。
