Frye R E, Schwartz B S, Doty R L
Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Human Communication, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
JAMA. 1990 Mar 2;263(9):1233-6.
Little is known about the influence of cigarette smoking on the ability to smell; previous studies on this topic have led to contradictory findings and have failed to take into account smoking dose and duration. In the present study, the 40-odorant University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test was administered to 638 subjects for whom detailed smoking histories were available. Smoking was found to be adversely associated with odor identification ability in a dose-related manner in both current and previous cigarette smokers. Among previous smokers, improvement in olfactory function was related to the time elapsed since the cessation of smoking. Logistic regression analysis found current smokers to be nearly twice as likely to evidence an olfactory deficit than persons who have never smoked. Overall, the data suggest that (1) smoking causes long-term but reversible adverse effects on the ability to smell and (2) the failure of some studies to demonstrate smoking effects may be caused by the inclusion of persons with a history of smoking in the nonsmoking groups.
关于吸烟对嗅觉能力的影响，人们所知甚少；此前关于该主题的研究结果相互矛盾，且未考虑吸烟剂量和持续时间。在本研究中，对638名有详细吸烟史的受试者进行了包含40种气味的宾夕法尼亚大学嗅觉识别测试。结果发现，当前吸烟者和既往吸烟者的吸烟量与气味识别能力均呈剂量相关的负相关。在既往吸烟者中，嗅觉功能的改善与戒烟后的时长有关。逻辑回归分析发现，当前吸烟者出现嗅觉缺陷的可能性几乎是从不吸烟者的两倍。总体而言，数据表明：（1）吸烟会对嗅觉能力造成长期但可逆的不良影响；（2）一些研究未能证明吸烟的影响，可能是由于在非吸烟组中纳入了有吸烟史的人。
