Zhang Zhen, Zhang Jianxin
Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing City.
Psychol Rep. 2012 Aug;111(1):269-80. doi: 10.2466/21.07.PR0.111.4.269-280.
Belief in reciprocity refers to a personally internalized faith in the reciprocity norm: that people will return positive and negative interactions or favors in kind. The current study aims to examine the relationship between belief in reciprocity and altruism among a Chinese sample. The Personal Norm of Reciprocity Scale, Trait Forgiveness Scale, Prosocial Tendency Measure, and Altruism Scale were used to assess extent of belief in reciprocity, forgiveness, and prosocial motivation, respectively, among 204 Chinese undergraduates. The results indicated that belief in reciprocity was a partially negative, but not neutral, reciprocity norm for Chinese people. Specifically, belief in reciprocity was positively related to negative reciprocity, but not significantly related to positive reciprocity. Moreover, belief in reciprocity was negatively related to both prosocial tendency and altruistic motivation. The results also indicated that forgiveness largely mediated the effect of belief in reciprocity on altruism. Finally, the implications and limitations of the current study were discussed.
即人们会以同样的方式回报积极和消极的互动或恩惠。本研究旨在考察中国样本中对互惠的信念与利他主义之间的关系。使用互惠个人规范量表、特质宽恕量表、亲社会倾向量表和利他主义量表，分别对204名中国大学生的互惠信念、宽恕程度和亲社会动机进行评估。结果表明，对互惠的信念对中国人来说是一种部分负面而非中性的互惠规范。具体而言，对互惠的信念与消极互惠呈正相关，但与积极互惠无显著相关。此外，对互惠的信念与亲社会倾向和利他动机均呈负相关。结果还表明，宽恕在很大程度上介导了对互惠的信念对利他主义的影响。最后，讨论了本研究的意义和局限性。
