Janas-Kozik Małgorzata, Zejda Jan, Stochel Martyna, Brozek Grzegorz, Janas Adam, Jelonek Ireneusz
Oddział Psychiatrii i Psychoterapii Wieku Rozwojowego Centrum Pediatrii im. Jana Pawła II w Sosnowcu.
Psychiatr Pol. 2012 May-Jun;46(3):441-50.
Orthorexia nervosa (Greek: ortho--correct, right; orexis--appetite, desire) is a term introduced in 1997 by the American doctor Steven Bratman and is defined as a pathological fixation with righteous and healthy eating. Clear classification criteria oforthorexia have not been developed yet and there has been an on-going discussion whether it belongs to the group of eating disorders or the obsessive-compulsive disorders.
The aim of this paper is to summarise briefly the current state of knowledge regarding orthorexia and to point out the difficulties connected with an attempt to classify it in a given disorders group as well as with the attempt to establish the classification criteria.
Despite the fact that the problem of orthorexia has been signalled in the Polish media, it has neither been discussed nor published in the Polish medical literature yet. Orthorexia starts when a diet becomes an escape from life--everyday activities are dominated by planning, buying and preparing "proper" meals. Each departure from this regime causes anxiety and guilty conscience and leads to even further tightening of the dietary habits. According to Bratmann, orthorexia is connected with an illusory feeling of safety (preventing from diseases), the urge to exercise a full control over one's life (elimination of the unpredictable), "a hidden conformism" (eating philosophy helps in a subconscious way to achieve a culturally accepted model of a beautiful body), a search for spirituality and identity, and a desire for self-deprivation.
The arguments presented in this paper substantiate the expediency of implementing the epidemiological studies which will show the scale of the problem, its prevalence and conditionings. Data obtained in this way should facilitate the verification of classification criteria and will also help to formulate the diagnostic criteria of orthorexia.
正食症（希腊语：ortho——正确、恰当；orexis——食欲、欲望）是美国医生史蒂文·布拉特曼于1997年提出的术语，被定义为对健康饮食的病态执着。目前尚未制定正食症的明确分类标准，关于它是属于饮食失调症还是强迫症，一直存在讨论。
本文旨在简要总结关于正食症的当前知识状况，并指出在将其归类到特定疾病组以及制定分类标准的尝试中所遇到的困难。
尽管波兰媒体已提及正食症问题，但波兰医学文献中尚未对其进行讨论或发表。当饮食成为逃避生活的方式时，正食症就开始了——日常活动被计划、购买和准备“合适”的食物所主导。每一次偏离这种模式都会引发焦虑和内疚感，并导致饮食习惯进一步严格。根据布拉特曼的说法，正食症与一种虚幻的安全感（预防疾病）、对生活完全掌控的冲动（消除不可预测性）、“一种隐藏的从众心理”（饮食理念以潜意识的方式有助于实现文化上认可的完美身材模式）、对精神性和身份认同的追求以及自我剥夺的欲望有关。
本文提出的论点证实了开展流行病学研究的必要性，这些研究将揭示该问题的规模、患病率及其影响因素。通过这种方式获得的数据应有助于验证分类标准，也将有助于制定正食症的诊断标准。
