Department of Growth and Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46942. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046942. Epub 2012 Oct 8.
No prevalence/trends were reported in Chinese infants and preschool children at the national level in this historical period of 1980s-2000s. The objectives of this paper were to present the 20-year trends in prevalence and risk factors of obesity in children below 7 years.
Data obtained from a series of three sequential national surveys performed using the same design in the same 9 cities in 1986, 1996 and 2006. Weight and height (length <3 years) were measured using unified procedures at each period. Obesity was defined as a weight-for-height ≥120% of median of the NCHS/WHO international reference. A population-based paired matching case-control study was employed for screening risk factors.
In 1986, there was no substantial obesity epidemic, but the overall obesity prevalence reached 3.4% (boys 4.1% and girls 2.7%) in 2006, rising by 2.8 times between 1986 and 2006. Reversed gender difference, relatively higher prevalence in preschool age and more rapid increase in the second 10-year were three very obvious characteristics in China, e.g. prevalence of boys 9.9% and girls 4.9% in 2006 and increasing rate of boys 0.45 percentage points per year (pp/y) and girls 0.21 pp/y at 6-7 years groups, 0.17 pp/y of the second 10-year higher 1-fold than previous.
China has been moving into the alarming epidemic of childhood obesity. Effort should be immediately made to prevent further deterioration. High birth weight, high parental BMI and several behavioral and family-related factors were identified and had important practical value for obesity intervention.
在 20 世纪 80 年代至 2000 年代这段历史时期，中国国家层面尚未报告婴幼儿和学龄前儿童的肥胖患病率/趋势。本文的目的是展示儿童肥胖患病率和相关风险因素在过去 20 年的变化趋势。
本研究使用相同的设计，在相同的 9 个城市，连续开展了 3 次全国性调查，获得了相关数据。每次调查均采用统一的程序测量儿童的体重和身高（3 岁以下的儿童测量身长）。肥胖的定义为体重身高比（weight-to-height ratio）超过国家儿童健康与人类发展研究所（NCHS）/世界卫生组织（WHO）国际参考标准中位数的 120%。采用基于人群的配对病例对照研究来筛选肥胖的风险因素。
1986 年，肥胖并未大规模流行，但到 2006 年，肥胖总体患病率已达到 3.4%（男孩为 4.1%，女孩为 2.7%），与 1986 年相比增加了 2.8 倍。在中国，肥胖存在明显的三个特征：性别差异反转，学龄前儿童的肥胖患病率较高，以及第二个 10 年肥胖的增长率较快。例如，2006 年男孩的肥胖率为 9.9%，女孩为 4.9%，6-7 岁儿童组肥胖增长率男孩为每年 0.45 个百分点，女孩为每年 0.21 个百分点，第二个 10 年的增长率比前一个 10 年高出 1 倍。
中国已经进入儿童肥胖的警报阶段。应立即采取措施防止肥胖进一步恶化。高出生体重、父母 BMI 较高以及一些行为和家庭相关因素已被确定，对于肥胖干预具有重要的实际价值。
