Eser A, Thalhammer F, Burghuber F, Högenauer C, Stockenhuber F, Wenisch C, Widhalm K, Reinisch W
Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Medizinische Universität Wien, Österreich.
Z Gastroenterol. 2012 Oct;50(10):1089-95. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1312950. Epub 2012 Oct 11.
Between 5 and 49% of patients treated with antibiotics suffer from diarrhoea. Principally all microbial agents can cause diarrhoea, especially oral agents like cephalosporines, clindamycin, broad-spectrum penicillins, and quinolones of the 3 rd and 4th generation. Manifestations of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea range from mild self-limiting forms to severe life-threatening courses. The potentially most severe form of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea is caused by Clostridium diffcile accounting for approx. 25 % of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. In the past two decades a broad spectrum of different probiotic strains has been evaluated for the primary prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children and adults. Based on their efficacy and clinical data, different levels of evidence and recommendations are emerging on the preventive use of probiotics in antibiotic-associated diarrhoea.
接受抗生素治疗的患者中，5%至49%会出现腹泻。基本上所有微生物制剂都可导致腹泻，尤其是口服制剂，如头孢菌素、克林霉素、广谱青霉素以及第三代和第四代喹诺酮类药物。抗生素相关性腹泻的表现范围从轻度自限性形式到严重危及生命的病程。抗生素相关性腹泻潜在最严重的形式是由艰难梭菌引起的，约占抗生素相关性腹泻的25%。在过去二十年中，人们评估了多种不同的益生菌菌株用于儿童和成人抗生素相关性腹泻的一级预防。基于其疗效和临床数据，关于益生菌在抗生素相关性腹泻预防中的使用出现了不同程度的证据和建议。
