Department of Family and Community Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2012 Oct 1;86(7):653-8.
The significant resurgence of bedbugs in the past decade has been attributed to pesticide resistance, more frequent travel, lack of public awareness, and inadequate pest control programs. Bedbugs are obligate blood parasites (insect family Cimicidae). They can withstand a large range of temperatures but are attracted to warmth and carbon dioxide. They typically feed just before dawn. Cutaneous reactions to bedbug bites can include macules, papules, wheals, vesicles, bullae, and nodules. Bites may be confused with other skin conditions. Bedbug bite reactions are typically self-limited and resolve within one to two weeks without treatment. Bedbug infestation may cause significant psychological distress. The diagnosis of a bedbug infestation is based on history, appearance of bites, and inspection of sleeping quarters. Although there is no evidence that bedbugs transmit disease, systemic reactions may include asthma, angioedema, generalized urticaria, iron deficiency anemia, and, rarely, anaphylaxis. An integrated pest management strategy should be employed to eliminate infestation. Tactics include vacuuming, heat or cold treatment, trapping devices, and pesticides.
过去十年中，臭虫的显著复苏归因于抗药性、更频繁的旅行、公众意识的缺乏和不完善的害虫控制计划。臭虫是专性血液寄生虫（昆虫科 Cimicidae）。它们可以承受很大的温度范围，但会被温暖和二氧化碳吸引。它们通常在黎明前进食。臭虫叮咬的皮肤反应包括斑疹、丘疹、风团、水疱、大疱和结节。叮咬可能与其他皮肤状况混淆。臭虫叮咬反应通常是自限性的，无需治疗即可在一到两周内自行消退。臭虫侵扰可能会引起严重的心理困扰。臭虫侵扰的诊断基于病史、叮咬的外观和对睡眠区的检查。尽管没有证据表明臭虫传播疾病，但全身反应可能包括哮喘、血管性水肿、全身性荨麻疹、缺铁性贫血，很少发生过敏反应。应采用综合虫害管理策略来消除侵扰。策略包括吸尘、热或冷处理、诱捕装置和杀虫剂。
