Shipman Kate E, Weaving Gary, Shipman Alexa R
Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, UK.
Clinical Chemistry Department, University Hospitals Sussex, Worthing Hospital, Worthing, UK.
Clin Exp Dermatol. 2023 Apr 27;48(5):453-461. doi: 10.1093/ced/llac140.
Bedbugs are on the rise in urban populations across the world, perhaps reflecting the ban on the use of organophosphates in many countries worldwide. They are flat obligate haematophagous insects, preferring humans, and as a consequence the bedbug bites lack toxins and can often go unnoticed for some time. Bites can, however, cause weals, purpura, petechiae, vesicles, pustules, papular urticaria, localized infection and rarely anaphylaxis. Infestations have to be confirmed by finding the bugs, usually around the bed of the person being bitten. Eradication usually requires a combination of physical (for example high temperature, mattresses protectors, traps, cold) and chemical methods (for example chrysanthemic acid derivatives plus potentiators such as geraniol and piperonyl butoxide or acetylcholine esterase inhibitors).
全球城市地区臭虫数量正在增加，这或许反映出世界上许多国家已禁止使用有机磷酸盐。臭虫是扁平的专性吸血昆虫，偏好吸食人血，因此臭虫叮咬不含毒素，往往在一段时间内都不会被察觉。然而，叮咬可能会引起风疹、紫癜、瘀点、水疱、脓疱、丘疹性荨麻疹、局部感染，极少情况下会引发过敏反应。必须找到臭虫才能确诊感染，通常在被叮咬者的床铺周围寻找。根除臭虫通常需要结合物理方法（如高温、床垫保护套、诱捕器、低温）和化学方法（如菊酸衍生物加增效剂，如香叶醇和胡椒基丁醚或乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂）。
