DeBellis Heather F, Fetterman James W
South University School of Pharmacy, Savannah, GA 31406, USA.
J Pharm Pract. 2012 Dec;25(6):583-5. doi: 10.1177/0897190012460827. Epub 2012 Oct 11.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive, chronic disease, in which malnutrition can have an undesirable effect. Therefore, the patient's nutritional status is critical for optimizing outcomes in COPD. The initial nutrition assessment is focused on identifying calorically compromised COPD patients in order to provide them with appropriate nutrition. Nutritional intervention consists of oral supplementation and enteral nutrition to prevent weight loss and muscle mass depletion. Evaluation of nutritional status should include past medical history (medications, lung function, and exercise tolerance) and dietary history (patient's dietary habits, food choices, meal patterns, food allergy information, and malabsorption issues), in addition to physiological stress, visceral proteins, weight, fat-free mass, and body mass index. The current medical literature conflicts regarding the appropriate type of formulation to select for nutritional intervention, especially regarding the amount of calories from fat to provide COPD patients. This review article focuses on the enteral product formulations currently available, and how they are most appropriately utilized in patients with COPD.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是一种进行性的慢性疾病，营养不良在其中会产生不良影响。因此，患者的营养状况对于优化COPD的治疗效果至关重要。初始营养评估的重点是识别热量摄入不足的COPD患者，以便为他们提供适当的营养。营养干预包括口服补充剂和肠内营养，以防止体重减轻和肌肉量减少。营养状况评估应包括既往病史（用药情况、肺功能和运动耐量）和饮食史（患者的饮食习惯、食物选择、用餐模式、食物过敏信息和吸收不良问题），此外还包括生理应激、内脏蛋白、体重、去脂体重和体重指数。目前的医学文献对于营养干预应选择何种合适的制剂类型存在分歧，尤其是关于为COPD患者提供的脂肪热量的量。这篇综述文章重点关注目前可用的肠内产品制剂，以及它们如何最适用于COPD患者。
