Fernandes Amanda Carla, Bezerra Olívia Maria de Paula Alves
Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.
J Bras Pneumol. 2006 Sep-Oct;32(5):461-71.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by progressive and partially reversible airway obstruction. The innumerable complications that occur during the progression of the disease can affect the nutritional state of patients suffering from this illness. The objective of this study was to present a brief review of the literature regarding the nutrition therapy used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To that end, we performed a bibliographic search for related articles published within the last 18 years and indexed for the Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature) and Medline databases. Malnutrition is associated with a poor prognosis for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, since it predisposes such patients to infections, as well as reducing respiratory muscle force, exercise tolerance and quality of life. Despite the fact that such malnutrition is extremely common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, it should be recognized as an independent risk factor, since it can be modified through appropriate and efficacious diet therapy and monitoring. For patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, nutrition therapy is initiated after the evaluation of the nutritional state of the patient, which identifies nutritional risk, thereby allowing the proper level of treatment to be established. In this evaluation, anthropometric and biochemical markers, as well as indicators of dietary consumption and body composition, should be used. The prescribed diet should contain appropriate proportions of macronutrients, micronutrients and immunonutrients in order to regain or maintain the proper nutritional state and to avoid complications. The physical characteristics of the diet should be tailored to the individual needs and tolerances of each patient. In the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, individualized nutrition therapy is extremely important and has been shown to be fundamental to improving quality of life.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病的特征是进行性且部分可逆的气道阻塞。在疾病进展过程中出现的无数并发症会影响患有这种疾病的患者的营养状况。本研究的目的是简要回顾有关用于治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的营养疗法的文献。为此，我们对过去18年内发表的相关文章进行了文献检索，并在拉丁美洲和加勒比卫生科学文献数据库（LILACS）和医学数据库中进行了索引。营养不良与慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的不良预后相关，因为它使这些患者易受感染，还会降低呼吸肌力、运动耐力和生活质量。尽管这种营养不良在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中极为常见，但它应被视为一个独立的危险因素，因为可以通过适当有效的饮食治疗和监测来加以改善。对于慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者，在评估患者的营养状况后开始营养治疗，该评估可识别营养风险，从而确定适当的治疗水平。在该评估中，应使用人体测量和生化指标以及饮食摄入和身体成分指标。规定的饮食应包含适当比例的宏量营养素、微量营养素和免疫营养素，以恢复或维持适当的营养状况并避免并发症。饮食的物理特性应根据每个患者的个体需求和耐受性进行调整。在治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者时，个性化营养治疗极为重要，并且已被证明是改善生活质量的基础。
