Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 S, Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Cell Div. 2012 Oct 17;7(1):22. doi: 10.1186/1747-1028-7-22.
Faithful duplication of the genome in eukaryotes requires ordered assembly of a multi-protein complex called the pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) prior to S phase; transition to the pre-initiation complex (pre-IC) at the beginning of DNA replication; coordinated progression of the replisome during S phase; and well-controlled regulation of replication licensing to prevent re-replication. These events are achieved by the formation of distinct protein complexes that form in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Several components of the pre-RC and pre-IC are highly conserved across all examined eukaryotic species. Many of these proteins, in addition to their bona fide roles in DNA replication are also required for other cell cycle events including heterochromatin organization, chromosome segregation and centrosome biology. As the complexity of the genome increases dramatically from yeast to human, additional proteins have been identified in higher eukaryotes that dictate replication initiation, progression and licensing. In this review, we discuss the newly discovered components and their roles in cell cycle progression.
真核生物中基因组的忠实复制需要在 S 期之前有序组装一个称为复制前复合物（pre-RC）的多蛋白复合物；在 DNA 复制开始时转变为起始前复合物（pre-IC）；在 S 期协调复制体的进展；以及通过复制许可的精细调控来防止重复制。这些事件是通过形成特定的蛋白质复合物来实现的，这些复合物以细胞周期依赖性的方式形成。pre-RC 和 pre-IC 的几个成分在所有被检查的真核生物物种中都高度保守。除了在 DNA 复制中的真正作用外，这些蛋白质中的许多还需要其他细胞周期事件，包括异染色质组织、染色体分离和中心体生物学。随着基因组复杂度从酵母到人类急剧增加，在高等真核生物中已经鉴定出了更多决定复制起始、进展和许可的蛋白质。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了新发现的成分及其在细胞周期进展中的作用。
