Faculté de Médecine Necker, Université Paris Descartes, 156 Rue de Vaugirard, 75730 Paris, Cedex 15, France.
Future Microbiol. 2012 Nov;7(11):1255-68. doi: 10.2217/fmb.12.103.
Francisella tularensis, the etiological agent of tularemia, is a member of the γ-proteobacteria class of Gram-negative bacteria. This highly virulent bacterium can infect a large range of mammalian species and has been recognized as a human pathogen for a century. F. tularensis is able to survive in vitro in a variety of cell types. In vivo, the bacterium replicates mainly in infected macrophages, using the cytoplasmic compartment as a replicative niche. To successfully adapt to this stressful environment, F. tularensis must simultaneously: produce and regulate the expression of a series of dedicated virulence factors; adapt its metabolic needs to the nutritional context of the host cytosol; and control the innate immune cytosolic surveillance pathways to avoid premature cell death. We will focus here on the secretion or release of bacterial proteins in the host, as well as on the envelope proteins, involved in bacterial survival inside macrophages.
土拉弗朗西斯菌，兔热病的病原体，是γ-变形菌纲革兰氏阴性菌的一员。这种高毒力的细菌可以感染多种哺乳动物物种，并在一个世纪前被确认为人类病原体。土拉弗朗西斯菌能够在多种细胞类型中在体外存活。在体内，细菌主要在受感染的巨噬细胞中复制，利用细胞质隔间作为复制生态位。为了成功适应这种压力环境，土拉弗朗西斯菌必须同时：产生和调节一系列专门的毒力因子的表达；根据宿主细胞质的营养环境调整其代谢需求；并控制先天免疫细胞质监视途径以避免过早的细胞死亡。我们将在这里重点关注细菌蛋白在宿主中的分泌或释放，以及参与细菌在巨噬细胞内存活的包膜蛋白。
