Cellular Immunology Group, Institute of Immunology, Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Co., Kildare, Ireland.
Immunol Cell Biol. 2013 Jan;91(1):19-26. doi: 10.1038/icb.2012.56. Epub 2012 Oct 23.
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have generated considerable interest in the fields of regenerative medicine, cell therapy and immune modulation. Over the past 5 years, the initial observations that MSCs could enhance regeneration and modulate immune responses have been significantly advanced and we now have a clearer picture of the effects that MSCs have on the immune system particularly in the context of inflammatory-mediated disorders. A number of mechanisms of action have been reported in MSC immunomodulation, which encompass the secretion of soluble factors, induction of anergy, apoptosis, regulatory T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells. It is clear that MSCs modulate both innate and adaptive responses and evidence is now emerging that the local microenvironment is key in the activation or licensing of MSCs to become immunosuppressive. More recently, studies have suggested that MSCs have the capacity to sense their environment and have a role in pathogen clearance in conjunction with the resolution of insult or injury. This review focuses on the mechanisms of MSC immunomodulation discussing the multistep process of MSC localisation at sites of inflammation, the cross talk between MSCs and the local microenvironment as well as the subsequent mechanisms of action used to resolve inflammation.
多能间充质基质细胞 (MSCs) 在再生医学、细胞治疗和免疫调节领域引起了相当大的兴趣。在过去的 5 年中，最初观察到 MSCs 可以增强再生和调节免疫反应，这一观察结果得到了显著推进，我们现在对 MSCs 对免疫系统的影响有了更清晰的认识，特别是在炎症介导的疾病中。在 MSC 免疫调节中已经报道了许多作用机制，包括分泌可溶性因子、诱导无能、凋亡、调节性 T 细胞和耐受原性树突状细胞。很明显，MSCs 调节先天和适应性反应，现在有证据表明，局部微环境是 MSCs 激活或许可成为免疫抑制的关键。最近的研究表明，MSCs 能够感知其环境，并在与损伤或损伤的解决相伴随的病原体清除中发挥作用。这篇综述重点讨论了 MSC 免疫调节的机制，讨论了 MSC 在炎症部位定位的多步骤过程、MSC 与局部微环境之间的串扰以及随后用于解决炎症的作用机制。
