the Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037.
J Exp Med. 2012 Oct 22;209(11):1903-6. doi: 10.1084/jem.20122235.
Since the discovery of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its network of receptors, the majority of attention has focused on the clinical potential of manipulating this pathway in cancer therapy. However, the widespread expression of TRAIL under inflammatory conditions and the ability to induce both apoptotic and prosurvival signaling pathways has suggested that TRAIL plays broader roles in regulating immune processes. Two new studies now show that expression of TRAIL by neutrophils in the lung facilitates defenses against bacterial pathogens, whereas expression of TRAIL by cells within arterioles exacerbates vascular disease. These differentiating results highlight that the context of TRAIL signaling can determine whether the outcome is beneficial or pathogenic for the host.
自肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体（TRAIL）及其受体网络被发现以来，人们的注意力主要集中在操纵这条通路治疗癌症的临床潜力上。然而，TRAIL 在炎症条件下广泛表达，并能诱导凋亡和生存促进信号通路，这表明 TRAIL 在调节免疫过程中发挥着更广泛的作用。两项新的研究表明，肺中性粒细胞表达 TRAIL 有助于抵御细菌病原体，而小动脉内细胞表达 TRAIL 则加剧血管疾病。这些不同的结果表明，TRAIL 信号的背景可以决定其结果对宿主是有益还是致病。
