Physical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
Chem Soc Rev. 2013 May 7;42(9):3777-91. doi: 10.1039/c2cs35298b. Epub 2012 Oct 24.
Since the discovery of the mesoporous silica material templated by ionic surfactants and the subsequent development of materials templated by non-ionic surfactants and polymers, for example SBA-15, there has been a continuous research effort towards understanding their formation. In situ methodologies, such as Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), spectroscopic techniques like NMR and EPR, and ex situ methodologies such as electron microscopy techniques (SEM, TEM and cryo-TEM) are powerful and important tools in the investigation of the mechanism by which these materials form. The need for a fundamental understanding of the systems is of academic concern and of great importance when developing materials for applications. In this tutorial review we aim to give the reader a comprehensive overview on the development of the field over the years and an introduction to the experimental in situ and ex situ techniques that have been used.
自从发现离子型表面活性剂模板的介孔硅材料以及随后开发出非离子型表面活性剂和聚合物模板的材料（例如 SBA-15）以来，人们一直在努力研究其形成机制。原位方法，如小角 X 射线散射（SAXS）、小角中子散射（SANS）、光谱技术如 NMR 和 EPR，以及非原位方法如电子显微镜技术（SEM、TEM 和 cryo-TEM），是研究这些材料形成机制的有力和重要工具。深入了解这些体系的必要性不仅是学术界关注的问题，而且对于开发应用材料也具有重要意义。在本综述中，我们旨在为读者提供该领域多年来的发展概况，并介绍已使用的原位和非原位实验技术。
