Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
J Perinat Med. 2013 Jan;41(1):17-22. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2012-0097.
Pregnancies that occur after infertility treatment, particularly after assisted reproduction, constitute high-risk pregnancies. Occurrences of conditions such as high blood pressure, preeclampsia, growth retardations and bleeding are higher in comparison with the norm of spontaneously entered pregnancies. The rate of premature births and the frequency of intrauterine deaths are much higher than the average for all pregnancies. Furthermore, pregnancies resulting from in - vitro fertilisation (IVF) have significantly higher rates of requiring induced labour or caesarean section. However, it is to be assumed that these complications and unfortunate developments are not caused by extracorporeal fertilisation itself, but rather are due to the frequency of multiples and to the risk factors of the women involved. These women are, on average, older and there are often more problems with cycle irregularities, uterine anomalies and obesity than in the total collective of all pregnancies. The methods of modern reproductive medicine often bring a higher rate of multiple pregnancies. The clinical problem of multiple pregnancies is, above all, the raised rate of premature births and intrauterine growth retardations that contribute to the significantly higher rate of morbidity and mortality for these children. The slightly higher rate of congenital defects after IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are also attributed more to the risk profile of the parents and less to the techniques themselves. The most important and easy-to-avoid complication is the multiple pregnancy, and it should be our goal to lower this rate even further.
经过不孕治疗，尤其是辅助生殖后发生的妊娠属于高危妊娠。与自然受孕相比，高血压、子痫前期、生长迟缓、出血等情况的发生率更高。早产率和宫内死亡的频率也远高于所有妊娠的平均水平。此外，体外受精（IVF）引起的妊娠需要引产或剖宫产的比例明显更高。然而，我们假设这些并发症和不幸的发展并不是由体外受精本身引起的，而是由于多胎妊娠的频率以及所涉及妇女的风险因素。这些妇女通常年龄较大，与所有妊娠的总人群相比，通常存在更多的周期不规则、子宫异常和肥胖问题。现代生殖医学的方法通常会导致更高的多胎妊娠率。多胎妊娠的临床问题主要是早产和宫内生长迟缓的发生率增加，这导致这些儿童的发病率和死亡率显著增加。IVF 和胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）后先天性缺陷的略高发生率更多归因于父母的风险状况，而不是技术本身。最重要且易于避免的并发症是多胎妊娠，我们的目标应该是进一步降低这一比例。
