Bouchard J-P
Unité pour malades difficiles (UMD), laboratoire de psychologie clinique et de psychopathologie (LPCP EA 4056), université Paris-Descartes, centre hospitalier de Cadillac-sur-Garonne, 89, rue Cazeaux-Cazalet, 33410 Cadillac-sur-Garonne, France.
Encephale. 2013 Apr;39(2):115-22. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2012.02.002. Epub 2012 Jun 12.
CASE-REPORT: H. had perceived his father as an evil persecutor ever since his adolescence. He developed paranoid schizophrenia of persecution in which his father occupied the main role. Little by little, in his desperate resistance against his father, perceived as his enemy, he acquired such a feeling of prejudice, of violation of his personality, and of impotence that the only way out was to escape in order to survive. At the age of 18, he decides to run away from home and from France to stop suffering. He goes to Canada and later to the USA where he would stay 9 years, during which his madness does not stop. Wherever he goes, he always feels the presence of his father in his head: "He orders me, he criticizes me from a distance, he steals all my thoughts, he is in charge of my actions, he takes away the bread from my mouth to humiliate me and kill me…" Thanks to his marginal lifestyle, he maintains a relative adaptation, a fragile equilibrium in his existential bubble in which he doesn't tolerate any breaking and entering. His delusion of prejudices and persecution, of which the main character had always been his father, extends to include society in general, cornering and leading the subject to commit an offense as a reaction of irrepressible pathological self-defense. He is questioned by the police, taken to prison and later taken to an American psychiatric hospital, after shooting at those whom he thinks are "CIA agents" (who are actually people forcing him to move the boat in which he lives). After being deported back to France, he returns to his parent's home, the source of all his madness. During the following months, he lives locked up in his room afraid of being near his father and tormented by his delirious ideas. In order to stop his suffering, he decides to buy a fire-arm to kill himself. One day, his father, accompanied by his mother, break into his room. He takes the rifle hidden under the mattress, and kills his father at point blank. "I thought that I had instantly killed my father, because he fell face down on the ground. On the other hand, my mother remained standing while my sister, screaming, escaped through the window of the living room. My mother, injured on her right side, moved back to the living room. Seeing that my mother hadn't fallen to the ground and not wanting to make her suffer, I reloaded my rifle. I took out the cartridge, and reloaded the rifle with a cartridge of buckshot. It seemed to me that she was still standing in front of the couch. I fired the gun a second time without looking and at that moment she falls on the couch… dead… She is the enemy because she is my father's wife".
The recounting and analysis of this double psychotic parricide case illustrate the psychopathologic constants and criminal dynamic that are most often present in this type of crime. The constants are the following: the perpetrator of the post-adolescence or adult parricide is often a psychotic young man; he/she lives a long, delusional story in which one or both parents have an important role; this insane delusion leads to suffering and/or to identifiable behavioral problems that together can constitute a criminal psychic state; The homicidal reaction takes place right after one or a group of factors (such as an argument, brawl, a fit of delusion, interruption of the therapeutic treatment…) that are set off in the criminal pathological state. These psychopathological constants, if they conjoin, are also the factors and indicators of danger. They should be considered as a warning sign to take preventive and remedial measures.
自青春期以来,H就将父亲视为邪恶的迫害者。他患上了迫害妄想型精神分裂症,父亲在其中占据主要角色。在与被他视为敌人的父亲进行绝望抗争的过程中,他逐渐产生了一种偏见、人格受侵犯以及无力感,以至于唯一的出路就是逃离以求生存。18岁时,他决定离家并逃离法国以停止痛苦。他前往加拿大,后来又去了美国,在那里他待了9年,在此期间他的精神错乱并未停止。无论他走到哪里,都总感觉父亲在他脑海中:“他命令我,从远处批评我,窃取我所有的想法,掌控我的行动,抢走我的食物来羞辱我并置我于死地……” 由于他边缘化的生活方式,他保持了一种相对的适应状态,在他的生存小圈子里维持着一种脆弱的平衡,不容忍任何闯入。他的偏见和迫害妄想,其主要对象一直是他的父亲,后来扩展到整个社会,使他陷入困境并导致他实施犯罪,这是无法抑制的病理性自我防卫的反应。他因向那些他认为是 “中央情报局特工”(实际上是强迫他移动他所居住船只的人)开枪而被警方讯问,随后被送进监狱,之后又被送往一家美国精神病院。被驱逐回法国后,他回到了父母家,这里是他所有疯狂的根源。在接下来的几个月里,他把自己锁在房间里,害怕接近父亲,并被妄想折磨。为了停止痛苦,他决定买一把枪自杀。一天,他的父亲在母亲的陪同下闯进他的房间。他拿起藏在床垫下的步枪,近距离杀死了父亲。“我以为我立刻杀死了父亲,因为他脸朝下倒在了地上。另一方面,我的母亲站在那里,而我的妹妹尖叫着从客厅窗户逃走了。我的母亲右侧受伤,退回了客厅。看到母亲没有倒下,又不想让她受苦,我重新装填了步枪。我取出子弹,装上了一枚霰弹。在我看来她似乎还站在沙发前。我没看就开了第二枪,就在这时她倒在了沙发上…… 死了…… 她是敌人,因为她是我父亲的妻子”。
对这起双重精神病态弑亲案件的叙述与分析,阐释了此类犯罪中最常出现的精神病理常量和犯罪动态。常量如下:青春期后或成年弑亲者通常是一名患有精神病的年轻人;他 / 她长期生活在一个妄想的故事中,其中一方或双方父母扮演着重要角色;这种疯狂的妄想导致痛苦和 / 或可识别的行为问题,这些共同构成一种犯罪心理状态;杀人反应发生在犯罪病理状态下引发的一个或一组因素(如争吵、斗殴、一阵妄想、治疗中断……)之后。这些精神病理常量如果结合在一起,也是危险的因素和指标。它们应被视为采取预防和补救措施的警示信号。