Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
J Anim Sci. 2013 Jan;91(1):425-32. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4534. Epub 2012 Oct 16.
The effect of different farrowing room temperatures (15, 20, or 25°C), combined with floor heating (FH) at the birth site, on the postnatal rectal temperature of pigs, use of creep area, and latency to first colostrum uptake was investigated with 61 litters born by loose-housed sows. Pig rectal temperature was measured at birth, as well as at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 12, 24, and 48 h after birth. The drop in rectal temperature from birth to 0.5 h postpartum was less (P<0.05) at room temperature of 25°C compared with 20 and 15°C. Minimum rectal temperature was less (P<0.001) at 15°C than either 20 or 25°C, and the time it took for rectal temperature to increase above 37°C was longer (P<0.05) when room temperature was 15°C than 20 and 25°C. Rectal temperatures at 24 (P<0.001) and 48 h (P<0.05) postpartum were also lower at room temperature of 15°C than 20 and 25°C. Duration of FH (12 or 48 h) did not influence (P>0.28) the rectal temperature at 24 or 48 h after birth. More pigs used the creep area 12 to 60 h after birth of the first pig at a room temperature of 15°C with 12 h FH compared with all other treatments. During the latter part of this period, more pigs stayed in the creep area also at 20°C with 12 h FH. After 60 h, more pigs (P<0.01) used the creep area at low compared with high room temperatures (15°C>20°C>25°C). Odds ratio of pigs dying before they had suckled was 6.8 times greater (P=0.03) at 15 than 25°C (95% CI of 1.3 to 35.5), whereas the odds ratio of dying during the first 7 d was 1.6 greater (P=0.05) for 48 vs. 12 h of FH (95% CI of 1.0 to 2.57), mainly due to more pigs being crushed. In conclusion, FH for 48 h was no more favorable than 12 h for pigs because the risk of hypothermia was equal in the 2 treatments, and the risk of dying increased with the longer FH duration. Increasing the room temperature to 25°C reduced hypothermia and the risk of pigs dying before colostrum intake.
本研究旨在探讨不同分娩舍温度（15、20 或 25°C）与分娩区地暖（FH）相结合对仔猪产后直肠温度、使用活动区域和首次吮乳潜伏期的影响，共 61 窝由散栏饲养母猪分娩的仔猪参与了本研究。仔猪在出生时、产后 0.25、0.5、1、1.5、2、3、4、12、24 和 48 小时时测量直肠温度。与 20°C 和 15°C 相比，25°C 分娩舍温度下仔猪从出生到产后 0.5 小时直肠温度的下降幅度较小（P<0.05）。15°C 时的最低直肠温度显著低于 20°C 和 25°C（P<0.001），15°C 时直肠温度升至 37°C 以上的时间也较长（P<0.05）。24 小时（P<0.001）和 48 小时（P<0.05）时，15°C 分娩舍温度下的直肠温度也低于 20°C 和 25°C。FH 持续时间（12 或 48 小时）对出生后 24 或 48 小时的直肠温度没有影响（P>0.28）。在 15°C 分娩舍温度下，与所有其他处理相比，FH 持续 12 小时的仔猪在出生后 12 至 60 小时内更多地使用活动区域。在此期间的后期，在 20°C 时，更多的仔猪在 FH 持续 12 小时的情况下也留在活动区域。60 小时后，与高舍温（15°C>20°C>25°C）相比，更多的仔猪（P<0.01）在低温下使用活动区域。在 15°C 时，仔猪在吮吸前死亡的几率是 25°C 时的 6.8 倍（P=0.03）（95%CI 为 1.3 至 35.5），而在 FH 持续 48 小时与 12 小时相比，在第 1 周死亡的几率增加了 1.6 倍（P=0.05）（95%CI 为 1.0 至 2.57），主要是因为更多的仔猪被压死。总之，FH 持续 48 小时并不比 12 小时对仔猪更有利，因为这两种处理方式下仔猪发生低温的风险是相等的，而 FH 持续时间的延长增加了仔猪死亡的风险。将舍温提高到 25°C 可降低仔猪的低温和仔猪在摄入初乳前死亡的风险。
