San Francisco VA Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Alzheimers Dement. 2012 Nov;8(6):513-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.10.006.
Little is known about the effects of cigarette smoking on longitudinal brain morphological changes in the elderly. This study investigated the effects of a history of cigarette smoking on changes in regional brain volumes over 2 years in healthy, cognitively intact elderly individuals. We predicted that individuals with a history of cigarette smoking, compared with never smokers, demonstrate greater rate of atrophy over 2 years in regions that manifest morphological abnormalities in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as in the extended brain reward/executive oversight system (BREOS), which is implicated in the development and maintenance of substance use disorders.
Participants were healthy, cognitively normal elderly control subjects (75.9 ± 4.8 years of age) with any lifetime history of cigarette smoking (n = 68) or no history of smoking (n = 118). Data were obtained through the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative from 2005 to 2010. Participants completed four magnetic resonance scans over 2 years. A standardized protocol using high-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted sequences at 1.5 T was used for structural imaging and regional brain volumetric analyses.
Smokers demonstrated a significantly greater atrophy rate over 2 years than nonsmokers in multiple brain regions associated with the early stages of AD, as well as in the BREOS system. Groups did not differ on the rate of global cortical atrophy.
A history of cigarette smoking in this healthy elderly cohort was associated with decreased structural integrity of multiple brain regions, which manifested as a greater rate of atrophy over 2 years in regions specifically affected by incipient AD as well as chronic substance abuse.
关于吸烟对老年人纵向脑形态变化的影响知之甚少。本研究调查了吸烟史对健康、认知完整的老年人 2 年内区域性脑容量变化的影响。我们预测，与从不吸烟者相比，有吸烟史的个体在 2 年内会出现更快的萎缩，这些区域在阿尔茨海默病（AD）早期表现出形态异常，以及扩展的大脑奖励/执行监督系统（BREOS），这与物质使用障碍的发展和维持有关。
参与者为健康、认知正常的老年对照组（年龄 75.9±4.8 岁），有或无终生吸烟史（n=68）或无吸烟史（n=118）。数据来自 2005 年至 2010 年的阿尔茨海默病神经影像学倡议。参与者在 2 年内完成了 4 次磁共振扫描。使用 1.5T 的高分辨率三维 T1 加权序列的标准化方案进行结构成像和区域性脑容量分析。
吸烟者在与 AD 早期相关的多个脑区以及 BREOS 系统中，2 年内的萎缩速度明显快于不吸烟者。两组在皮质萎缩的全球速度上没有差异。
在这个健康的老年队列中，吸烟史与多个脑区的结构完整性降低有关，这表现为在受早期 AD 以及慢性物质滥用影响的区域，2 年内的萎缩速度更快。
