Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Golbasi District Directorate of Agriculture, Golbasi, Ankara 06830, Turkey.
Food Chem. 2012 Sep 15;134(2):1052-8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.013. Epub 2012 Mar 14.
Black carrots (BCs) are a rich source of stable anthocyanins (ACNs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of clarification and pasteurisation on ACNs of black carrot juice (BCJ). Monomeric ACNs, ACN profile and percent polymeric colour were determined during processing of BCJ. While depectinisation and bentonite treatments resulted in 7% and 20% increases in monomeric ACN content of BCJ, respectively, gelatine-kieselsol treatment and pasteurisation resulted in 10% and 3-16% reduction. Percent polymeric colour decreased after clarification, but substantially increased in samples subjected to heat. ACNs of BCJ samples were identified by HPLC-MS. Unclarified BCJ contained cyanidin-3-galactoside-xyloside-glucoside-ferulic acid as the major ACN, followed by cyanidin-3-galactoside-xyloside-glucoside-coumaric acid, and cyanidin-3-galactoside-xyloside-glucoside. After depectinisation, two more ACNs (cyanidin-3-galactoside-xyloside and cyanidin-3-galactoside-xyloside-glucoside-sinapic acid) were also identified. These results indicated that depectinisation and bentonite treatment had positive effect on the colour of BCJ, while gelatin-kieselsol treatment and pasteurisation had negative effect.
黑胡萝卜(BC)是稳定花色苷(ACN)的丰富来源。本研究旨在评估澄清和巴氏杀菌对黑胡萝卜汁(BCJ)中 ACN 的影响。在加工 BCJ 过程中测定了单体 ACN、ACN 谱和聚合色百分比。果胶酶处理和膨润土处理分别使 BCJ 中单体 ACN 含量增加了 7%和 20%,而明胶-硅溶胶处理和巴氏杀菌则使含量降低了 10%和 3-16%。澄清后聚合色百分比降低,但经热处理后大幅增加。通过 HPLC-MS 鉴定了 BCJ 中的 ACN。未经澄清的 BCJ 含有矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷-木糖苷-葡萄糖-阿魏酸作为主要 ACN,其次是矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷-木糖苷-葡萄糖-咖啡酸和矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷-木糖苷-葡萄糖-芥子酸。脱果胶后,还鉴定出另外两种 ACN(矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷-木糖苷和矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷-木糖苷-葡萄糖-芥子酸)。这些结果表明,脱果胶和膨润土处理对 BCJ 的颜色有积极影响,而明胶-硅溶胶处理和巴氏杀菌有负面影响。