Laboratório Nacional de Células-Tronco Embrionárias, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-913, Brazil.
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2013 Jun;534(1-2):3-10. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.10.009. Epub 2012 Oct 27.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxygen (O2) have been implicated in neurogenesis and self-renewal of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). On the other hand, oxidative unbalance, either by an impairment of antioxidant defenses or by an intensified production of ROS, is increasingly related to risk factors of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia. In this scenario, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) emerged as an interesting platform for the study of cellular and molecular aspects of this mental disorder, by complementing other experimental models, with exclusive advantages such as the recapitulation of brain development. Herein we discuss the role of O2/ROS signaling for neuronal differentiation and how its unbalance could be related to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia. Identifying the role of O2/ROS in neurogenesis as well as tackling oxidative stress and its disturbances in schizophrenic patients' derived cells will provide an interesting opportunity for the study of neural stem cells differentiation and neurodevelopmental disorders.
活性氧（ROS）和氧气（O2）被认为与神经祖细胞（NPC）的神经发生和自我更新有关。另一方面，氧化失衡，无论是由于抗氧化防御的损伤还是由于 ROS 产生的加剧，都与神经发育障碍的危险因素（如精神分裂症）越来越相关。在这种情况下，人类诱导多能干细胞（hiPSC）作为研究这种精神障碍的细胞和分子方面的一个有趣平台出现了，它补充了其他实验模型，具有独特的优势，如大脑发育的再现。本文讨论了 O2/ROS 信号对神经元分化的作用，以及其失衡如何与神经发育障碍（如精神分裂症）相关。确定 O2/ROS 在神经发生中的作用以及解决精神分裂症患者来源细胞中的氧化应激及其紊乱，将为神经干细胞分化和神经发育障碍的研究提供一个有趣的机会。
