Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Injury Response.
J Safety Res. 2012 Sep;43(4):299-307. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2012.08.011. Epub 2012 Aug 25.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a public health problem in the United States. In 2009, approximately 2.4 million [corrected] patients with a TBI listed as primary or secondary diagnosis were hospitalized and discharged alive (N=300,667) or were treated and released from emergency departments (EDs; N=2,077,350), outpatient departments (ODs; N=83,857), and office-based physicians (OB-P; N=1,079,338). In addition, 52,695 died with one or more TBI-related diagnoses.
Federal TBI-related laws that have guided CDC since 1996 were reviewed. Trends in TBI were obtained by analyzing data from nationally representative surveys conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).
CDC has developed and is implementing a strategy to reduce the burden of TBI in the United States. Currently, 20 states have TBI surveillance and prevention systems. From 1995-2009, the TBI rates per 100,000 population increased in EDs (434.1 vs. 686.0) and OB-Ps (234.6 vs. 352.3); and decreased in ODs (42.6 vs. 28.1) and in TBI-related deaths (19.9 vs. 16.6). TBI Hospitalizations decreased from 95.5 in 1995 to 77.9 in 2000 and increased to 95.7 in 2009.
The rates of TBI have increased since 1995 for ED and PO visits. To reduce of the burden and mitigate the impact of TBI in the United States, an improved state- and territory-specific TBI surveillance system that accurately measures burden and includes information on the acute and long-term outcomes of TBI is needed.
在美国，创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是一个公共卫生问题。2009 年，大约有 240 万名 TBI 患者被列为主要或次要诊断，他们住院并活着出院（N=300667）或在急诊科（ED；N=2077350）、门诊部门（OD；N=83857）和门诊医师（OB-P；N=1079338）接受治疗和出院。此外，有 52695 人因一个或多个与 TBI 相关的诊断而死亡。
审查了自 1996 年以来指导疾病预防控制中心的联邦 TBI 相关法律。通过分析国家卫生统计中心（NCHS）进行的全国代表性调查数据，获得了 TBI 趋势。
疾病预防控制中心已经制定并正在实施一项战略，以减轻美国 TBI 的负担。目前，20 个州拥有 TBI 监测和预防系统。从 1995 年到 2009 年，ED（434.1 比 686.0）和 OB-P（234.6 比 352.3）的 TBI 发病率每 10 万人增加；而 OD（42.6 比 28.1）和 TBI 相关死亡率（19.9 比 16.6）则有所下降。TBI 住院人数从 1995 年的 95.5 人下降到 2000 年的 77.9 人，然后在 2009 年增加到 95.7 人。
自 1995 年以来，ED 和 PO 就诊的 TBI 发病率有所上升。为了减轻美国的负担并减轻 TBI 的影响，需要建立一个改进的州和地区特定的 TBI 监测系统，该系统能够准确衡量负担，并包含 TBI 急性和长期结果的信息。
