Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Biol Psychol. 2013 Feb;92(2):282-91. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.10.004. Epub 2012 Nov 3.
Altered attention to alcohol-related cues is implicated in the craving and relapse cycle characteristic of alcohol dependence (ALC). Prior cue reactivity studies typically invoke explicit attention to alcohol cues, so the neural response underlying incidental cue exposure remains unclear. Here, we embed infrequent, task-irrelevant alcohol and non-alcohol cues in an attention-demanding task, enabling evaluation of brain responses to distracting alcohol cues. Alcohol dependent individuals, across illness phase (n=44), and controls (n=20) performed a cue-reactivity fMRI target detection task. Significant Group-by-Distractor effects were observed in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), inferior parietal lobule, and amygdala. Controls and long-term abstainers increased recruitment of attention and cognitive control regions, while recent and long-term abstainers decreased limbic recruitment to alcohol distractors. Across phases of ALC, self-reported craving positively correlated with cue-related activations in ventral ACC, medial prefrontal cortex, and cerebellum. Results indicate that brain responses elicited by incidental alcohol cues differentiate phases of ALC.
对与酒精相关的线索的注意力改变与酒精依赖(ALC)的渴望和复发循环特征有关。先前的线索反应性研究通常需要明确注意酒精线索,因此,潜在的偶然线索暴露的神经反应仍然不清楚。在这里,我们将罕见的、与任务无关的酒精和非酒精线索嵌入到一项注意力要求高的任务中,从而能够评估大脑对分散注意力的酒精线索的反应。在疾病阶段(n=44)和对照组(n=20)中,酒精依赖个体执行了线索反应性 fMRI 目标检测任务。在背侧前扣带皮层(ACC)、下顶叶和杏仁核中观察到显著的组-分心物效应。对照组和长期禁欲者增加了注意力和认知控制区域的招募,而近期和长期禁欲者则减少了对酒精分心物的边缘区域招募。在 ALC 的各个阶段,自我报告的渴望与腹侧 ACC、内侧前额叶皮层和小脑的线索相关激活呈正相关。结果表明,偶然酒精线索引起的大脑反应可以区分 ALC 的各个阶段。