Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy.
Neuropsychologia. 2013 Jan;51(1):38-51. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.10.015. Epub 2012 Nov 6.
Recent fMRI studies have investigated brain activity involved in the feeling of regret and disappointment by manipulating the feedback participants saw after making a decision to play certain gambles: full-feedback (regret: participant sees the outcomes from both the chosen and unchosen gamble) vs. partial-feedback (disappointment: participant only sees the outcome from chosen gamble). However, regret and disappointment are also characterized by differential agency attribution: personal agency for regret, external agency for disappointment. In this study, we investigate the neural correlates of these two characterizations of regret and disappointment using magnetoencephalography (MEG). To do this, we experimentally induced each emotion by manipulating feedback (chosen gamble vs. unchosen gamble), agency (human vs. computer choice) and outcomes (win vs. loss) in a fully randomized design. At the behavioral level the emotional experience of regret and disappointment were indeed affected by both feedback and agency manipulations. These emotions also differentially affect subsequent choices, with regret leading to riskier behavior. At the neural level both feedback and agency affected the brain responses associated with regret and disappointment, demonstrating differential localization in the brain for each. Notably, feedback regret showed greater brain activity in the right anterior and posterior regions, with agency regret producing greater activity in the left anterior region. These findings extend the evidence for neural activity in processing both regret and disappointment by highlighting for the first time the respective importance of feedback and agency, as well as outlining the temporal dynamics of these emotions.
最近的 fMRI 研究通过操纵参与者在做出选择后看到的反馈，来研究与后悔和失望感相关的大脑活动：全反馈（后悔：参与者看到选择和未选择的赌博结果）与部分反馈（失望：参与者只看到选择的赌博结果）。然而，后悔和失望也有不同的归因代理特征：个人代理后悔，外部代理失望。在这项研究中，我们使用脑磁图（MEG）研究后悔和失望这两个特征的神经相关性。为此，我们通过在完全随机设计中操纵反馈（选择的赌博与未选择的赌博）、代理（人类选择与计算机选择）和结果（赢与输）来实验性地诱导每种情绪。在行为层面，后悔和失望的情绪体验确实受到反馈和代理操纵的影响。这些情绪也会对后续选择产生不同的影响，后悔会导致更冒险的行为。在神经层面，反馈和代理都影响与后悔和失望相关的大脑反应，证明了大脑中每个反应的位置不同。值得注意的是，反馈后悔在右前和后区域显示出更大的脑活动，而代理后悔在左前区域产生更大的活动。这些发现通过突出反馈和代理的各自重要性，以及概述这些情绪的时间动态，扩展了处理后悔和失望的神经活动证据。
