电压驱动的 L 型钙通道上的 Ca(2+) 结合在 Ca(2+) 内流之前触发了心脏兴奋-收缩偶联。

Voltage-driven Ca(2+) binding at the L-type Ca(2+) channel triggers cardiac excitation-contraction coupling prior to Ca(2+) influx.

机构信息

Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.

出版信息

Biochemistry. 2012 Dec 4;51(48):9658-66. doi: 10.1021/bi301124a. Epub 2012 Nov 21.

Abstract

The activation of the ryanodine Ca(2+) release channels (RyR2) by the entry of Ca(2+) through the L-type Ca(2+) channels (Cav1.2) is believed to be the primary mechanism of excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in cardiac cells. This proposed mechanism of Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR) cannot fully account for the lack of a termination signal for this positive feedback process. Using Cav1.2 channel mutants, we demonstrate that the Ca(2+)-impermeable α(1)1.2/L775P/T1066Y mutant introduced through lentiviral infection into neonate cardiomyocytes triggers Ca(2+) transients in a manner independent of Ca(2+) influx. In contrast, the α(1)1.2/L775P/T1066Y/4A mutant, in which the Ca(2+)-binding site of the channel was destroyed, supports neither the spontaneous nor the electrically evoked contractions. Ca(2+) bound at the channel selectivity filter appears to initiate a signal that is conveyed directly from the channel pore to RyR2, triggering contraction of cardiomyocytes prior to Ca(2+) influx. Thus, RyR2 is activated in response to a conformational change in the L-type channel during membrane depolarization and not through interaction with Ca(2+) ions diffusing in the junctional gap space. Accordingly, termination of the RyR2 activity is achieved when the signal stops upon the return of the L-channel to the resting state. We propose a new model in which the physical link between Cav1.2 and RyR2 allows propagation of a conformational change induced at the open pore of the channel to directly activate RyR2. These results highlight Cav1.2 as a signaling protein and provide a mechanism for terminating the release of Ca(2+) from RyR2 through protein-protein interactions. In this model, the L-type channel is a master regulator of both initiation and termination of EC coupling in neonate cardiomyocytes.

摘要

兰尼碱受体 Ca(2+) 释放通道(RyR2)的激活被认为是心肌细胞兴奋-收缩(EC)耦联的主要机制,这种通过 L 型 Ca(2+) 通道(Cav1.2)内流 Ca(2+) 来激活 RyR2 的机制不能完全解释这个正反馈过程缺乏终止信号的问题。我们使用 Cav1.2 通道突变体证明,通过慢病毒感染导入新生心肌细胞的 Ca(2+) 不可渗透的α(1)1.2/L775P/T1066Y 突变体以独立于 Ca(2+) 内流的方式触发 Ca(2+) 瞬变。相比之下,通道 Ca(2+) 结合位点被破坏的α(1)1.2/L775P/T1066Y/4A 突变体既不支持自发性收缩,也不支持电诱发收缩。结合在通道选择性滤器上的 Ca(2+) 似乎引发了一个信号,该信号直接从通道孔传递到 RyR2,在 Ca(2+) 内流之前触发心肌细胞收缩。因此,RyR2 在膜去极化期间响应 L 型通道构象变化而被激活,而不是通过与扩散到连接间隙空间的 Ca(2+) 离子相互作用而被激活。因此,当 L 通道恢复到静息状态时,信号停止,RyR2 活性终止。我们提出了一个新的模型,其中 Cav1.2 和 RyR2 之间的物理联系允许在通道打开孔诱导的构象变化传播,以直接激活 RyR2。这些结果强调了 Cav1.2 作为信号蛋白的作用,并提供了一种通过蛋白-蛋白相互作用终止 RyR2 释放 Ca(2+) 的机制。在这个模型中,L 型通道是新生儿心肌细胞 EC 耦联起始和终止的主要调节因子。

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