Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Str., 35, Moscow, Russia,127276.
Acta Naturae. 2012 Jul;4(3):31-45.
Cytokinins belong to one of the most important and well-known classes of plant hormones. Discovered over half a century ago, cytokinins have retained the attention of researchers due to the variety of the effects they have on the growth and development of vegetable organisms, their participation in a plant adaptation to external conditions, and the potential to be used in biotechnology, agriculture, medicine and even cosmetics. The molecular mechanism by which cytokinins function remained unknown for a long time. Things started to change only in the 21(st)century, after the discovery of the receptors for these phytohormones. It appeared that plants found ways to adapt a two-component signal transduction system borrowed from prokaryotic organisms for cytokinin signalling. This review covers the recent advances in research of the molecular basis for the perception and transduction of the cytokinin signal. Emphasis is placed on cytokinin receptors, their domain and three-dimensional structures, subcellular localization, signalling activity, effect of mutations, ligand-binding properties, and phylogeny.
细胞分裂素属于最重要和最著名的植物激素之一。它们在半个多世纪前被发现，由于其对植物生长和发育的多种影响、参与植物对外界条件的适应以及在生物技术、农业、医学甚至化妆品中的应用潜力，一直吸引着研究人员的关注。细胞分裂素的作用分子机制长期以来一直不为人知。直到 21 世纪，这些植物激素的受体被发现后，情况才开始发生变化。似乎植物找到了一种方法，将从原核生物借来的双组分信号转导系统用于细胞分裂素信号转导。这篇综述涵盖了细胞分裂素信号感知和转导的分子基础研究的最新进展。重点介绍了细胞分裂素受体、它们的结构域和三维结构、亚细胞定位、信号活性、突变的影响、配体结合特性和系统发生。
